TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chronic Venous Insufficiency A1 - Ghaniwala, Samira A1 - Carman, Teresa L. A2 - Walter, Louise C. A2 - Chang, Anna A2 - Chen, Pei A2 - Harper, G. Michael A2 - Rivera, Josette A2 - Conant, Rebecca A2 - Lo, Daphne A2 - Yukawa, Michi PY - 2021 T2 - Current Diagnosis & Treatment Geriatrics, 3e AB - ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSISSymptoms including heaviness, aching, swelling, throbbing, or itching.Skin changes include hemosiderin staining, lipodermatosclerosis, and atrophie blanche.Varicose veins may range from telangiectasia to ropey varicosities.Edema, which may be soft and pitting or brawny and fibrotic, usually increases throughout the day with dependency and improves with elevation.Ultrasound imaging demonstrates venous reflux or chronic postthrombotic changes.Severe disease presents with ulceration typically located above the medial malleolus. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180016870 ER -