TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Mitral Regurgitation A1 - Bashore, Thomas M. A1 - Granger, Christopher B. A1 - Jackson, Kevin P. A1 - Patel, Manesh R. A2 - Papadakis, Maxine A. A2 - McPhee, Stephen J. A2 - Rabow, Michael W. PY - 2021 T2 - Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2021 AB - ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSISMay be asymptomatic for years (or for life).Severe mitral regurgitation may cause left-sided heart failure and lead to right-sided heart failure.Pansystolic murmur at the apex, radiating into the axilla; associated with S3 when regurgitant volume is great.ECG shows LA abnormality or atrial fibrillation and LVH; radiograph shows LA and LV enlargement.For chronic primary mitral regurgitation, surgery is indicated for symptoms or when the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is less than 60% or the echocardiographic LV end-systolic dimension is greater than 4.0 cm.In patients with mitral prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation, earlier surgery is indicated if mitral repair can be performed successfully with a high degree of certainty.Patients with functional mitral regurgitation may improve with biventricular pacing. Some may also benefit from surgical intervention or percutaneous repair. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2023/02/01 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175809428 ER -