TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Pharmacogenomics
A1  - Krasowski, Matthew D.
A2  - South-Paul, Jeannette E.
A2  - Matheny, Samuel C.
A2  - Lewis, Evelyn L.
PY  - 2020
T2  - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Family Medicine, 5e
AB  - Pharmacogenomics  (also  known  as  pharmacogenetics)  is  a  component  of  individualized  (“personalized”)  medicine  that  addresses  how  genetic  factors  impact  drug  therapy,  with  the  goal  of  optimizing  drug  therapy  and  ensuring  maximal  efficacy  with  minimal  side  effects.  The  effect  of  drugs  is  traditionally  divided  into  pharmacokinetics  (how  drugs  are  absorbed,  distributed,  metabolized,  and  eliminated)  and  pharmacodynamics  (the  molecular  target  or  targets  underlying  the  therapeutic  effect).  In  principle,  genetic  variation  can  influence  pharmacokinetics,  pharmacodynamics,  or  both.  Currently,  most  clinical  applications  of  pharmacogenomics  involve  drug  metabolism,  but  with  a  steady  rise  in  applications  involving  pharmacodynamics.  Many  of  the  current  pharmacogenomic  clinical  applications  focus  on  the  cytochrome  P450  (CYP)  enzymes.  The  sequencing  of  the  human  genome  and  intensive  research  into  how  genetic  variation  affects  drug  response  hold  the  promise  of  altering  the  paradigms  for  medication  therapy.  However,  current  clinical  applications  using  pharmacogenomics  are  still  rather  limited  primarily  due  to  limited  evidence  that  such  testing  is  cost  effective  and  provides  clinical  benefit.  The  coming  years  should  see  steady  growth  in  this  field  that  will  allow  primary  care  providers  and  other  health  professionals  to  better  manage  drug  therapy.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1173717960
ER  -