TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Pelvic Organ Prolapse
A1  - Woo, Jason
A1  - Scott, Rachel K.
A2  - Papadakis, Maxine A.
A2  - McPhee, Stephen J.
A2  - Rabow, Michael W.
PY  - 2020
T2  - Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020
AB  - Cystocele,  rectocele,  and  enterocele  are  vaginal  hernias  commonly  seen  in  multiparous  women.  Cystocele  is  a  hernia  of  the  bladder  wall  into  the  vagina,  causing  a  soft  anterior  fullness  (eFigure  18–13).  Cystocele  may  be  accompanied  by  urethrocele,  which  is  not  a  hernia  but  a  sagging  of  the  urethra  following  its  detachment  from  the  pubic  symphysis  during  childbirth.  Rectocele  is  a  herniation  of  the  terminal  rectum  into  the  posterior  vagina,  causing  a  collapsible  pouch-like  fullness  (eFigure  18–14).  Enterocele  is  a  vaginal  vault  hernia  containing  small  intestine,  usually  in  the  posterior  vagina  and  resulting  from  a  deepening  of  the  pouch  of  Douglas.  Two  or  all  three  types  of  hernia  may  occur  in  combination.  Risk  factors  may  include  vaginal  birth,  genetic  predisposition,  advancing  age,  prior  pelvic  surgery,  connective  tissue  disorders,  and  increased  intra-abdominal  pressure  associated  with  obesity  or  straining  associated  with  chronic  constipation  or  coughing.  (eFigures  18–13,  18–14,  18–15).  A  woman's  lifetime  risk  of  surgery  for  pelvic  organ  prolapse  is  12–19%.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2022/05/22
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1166168183
ER  -