TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Retinoids
A1  - Chien, Anna L.
A1  - Vahlquist, Anders
A1  - Saurat, Jean-Hilaire
A1  - Voorhees, John J.
A1  - Kang, Sewon
A2  - Kang, Sewon
A2  - Amagai, Masayuki
A2  - Bruckner, Anna L.
A2  - Enk, Alexander H.
A2  - Margolis, David J.
A2  - McMichael, Amy J.
A2  - Orringer, Jeffrey S.
PY  - 2019
T2  - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e
AB  - AT-A-GLANCEA  retinoid  is  any  molecule  that  by  itself  or  through  metabolic  conversion  binds  to  and  activates  retinoic  acid  receptors.Retinoid  receptors  are  ligand-dependent  transcription  factors.The  predominant  retinoid  receptors  in  human  skin  are  retinoic  acid  receptor  α  (RAR-α),  RAR-γ,  retinoid  X  receptor  α  (RXR-α),  and  RXR-β.  RAR-γ/RXR-α  heterodimers  bind  to  retinoic  acid–responsive  elements  and  are  responsible  for  retinoid  signaling.Clinical  use  of  topical  retinoids:Approved  indications:  acne,  psoriasis,  cutaneous  T-cell  lymphoma,  Kaposi  sarcoma,  melasma,  photoaged  skinUnapproved  indications  with  clinical  studies  supporting  benefit:  postinflammatory  hyperpigmentation,  and  early  stretch  marksClinical  use  of  oral  retinoids:Approved  indications:  acne,  chronic  hand  eczema,  psoriasis,  and  cutaneous  T-cell  lymphomaUnapproved  indications  with  clinical  studies  supporting  benefit:  pityriasis  rubra  pilaris,  premalignancies,  photoaging,  ichthyosis,  and  Darier  White  diseaseTeratogenicity  is  the  most  concerning  side  effect.  Mucocutaneous  (cheilitis,  xerosis,  skin  peeling,  conjunctivitis)  involvements  are  common,  as  are  reversible  abnormal  results  on  laboratory  tests  (hyperlipidemia,  increased  liver  enzyme  levels,  and  hypothyroidism  [bexarotene/alitretinoin]).  Musculoskeletal  and  central  nervous  system  side  effects  are  rare.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161343391
ER  -