TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Raynaud Phenomenon
A1  - Kurtzman, Drew
A1  - Vleugels, Ruth Ann
A2  - Kang, Sewon
A2  - Amagai, Masayuki
A2  - Bruckner, Anna L.
A2  - Enk, Alexander H.
A2  - Margolis, David J.
A2  - McMichael, Amy J.
A2  - Orringer, Jeffrey S.
PY  - 2019
T2  - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e
AB  - AT-A-GLANCERaynaud  phenomenon  is  a  vascular  disorder  characterized  by  recurrent  episodic  attacks  of  digital  ischemia  provoked  by  exposure  to  cold  or  emotional  stress.Affects  up  to  10%  of  the  population,  4:1  female-to-male  ratio.Classified  as  primary  (idiopathic)  and  secondary  (underlying  disease  or  cause  present)  forms;  severity  ranges  from  mild/benign  to  severe  with  loss  of  tissue  and  risk  of  amputation.Connective  tissue  diseases,  particularly  systemic  sclerosis,  are  among  the  most  common  underlying  causes  of  secondary  Raynaud  phenomenon.Behavioral  modification,  pharmacologic  therapies,  and  surgical  interventions  are  effective  at  reducing  the  frequency  and  severity  of  attacks.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161350381
ER  -