TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Carcinogenesis and Skin A1 - Tsai, Kenneth Y. A1 - Dlugosz, Andrzej A. A2 - Kang, Sewon A2 - Amagai, Masayuki A2 - Bruckner, Anna L. A2 - Enk, Alexander H. A2 - Margolis, David J. A2 - McMichael, Amy J. A2 - Orringer, Jeffrey S. PY - 2019 T2 - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e AB - AT-A-GLANCEThe estimated annual incidence of skin carcinomas is at least twofold higher than that of all other cancers combined, making these cancers a major burden on the U.S. health care system and a source of significant morbidity and mortality.Most skin cancers arise because of mutations caused by ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, with chemical carcinogens, oncogenic viruses, and other factors contributing to the development of a smaller proportion of tumors.The convergence of evidence from epidemiology, inherited predisposition syndromes, cancer genetics, animal models, and most recently genomics have collectively revealed unprecedented insights into the key causative events that drive the development of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).BCC and SCC display markedly different dependencies on specific pathways: whereas BCC is almost exclusively a Hedgehog pathway—dependent tumor, SCC appears to rely on a more varied set of gene mutations and oncogenic signaling.The accessibility of skin and the ability to model cancer development in animals has been highly useful in identifying the components and functions of key oncogenic signaling pathways, facilitating development of targeted therapeutics, and uncovering general principles of cancer biology. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161321943 ER -