TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Nail
A1  - Kobielak, Krzysztof
A2  - Kang, Sewon
A2  - Amagai, Masayuki
A2  - Bruckner, Anna L.
A2  - Enk, Alexander H.
A2  - Margolis, David J.
A2  - McMichael, Amy J.
A2  - Orringer, Jeffrey S.
PY  - 2019
T2  - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e
AB  - AT-A-GLANCEThe  nail  appendage  is  composed  of  several  layers  that  organize  the  nail  organ:The  eponychium  creates  a  border  between  skin  epidermis  and  nail  organ  at  the  dorsal  limit  of  the  nail  proximal  fold  (NPF),  forming  a  protective  seal.The  NPF  forms  after  skin  epidermis  bends  inward  ventrally  at  the  eponychium’s  border  and  becomes  the  nail  epidermis,  creating  the  NPF,  which  localizes  slow-cycling  bifunctional  nail  proximal  fold  stem  cells  (NPFSCs).  NPFSCs  actively  deliver  progeny  to  the  perinail  epidermis  and  nail  matrix  along  with  differentiated  nail  plate  upon  nail  regeneration.The  matrix,  a  ventral  continuation  of  the  proximal  fold  after  it  bends  dorsally  and  distally,  is  composed  of  actively  proliferating  cells  called  onychocytes.  In  the  proximal  nail  matrix,  fast-proliferating  nail  stem  cells  are  located.  Their  differentiation  is  coupled  directly  with  the  ability  to  orchestrate  digit  regeneration.Nail  matrix  differentiates,  forming  the  keratogenous  zone,  which  finally  deposit  cells  into  the  overlying  nail  plate.Hyponychium  is  the  most  distal  part  of  the  nail  epithelium  located  peripherally  to  the  nail  bed,  and  beneath  the  nail  plate  at  the  junction  between  the  free  edge  and  the  skin  epidermis  of  the  fingertip,  it  forms  a  seal  that  protects  the  nail  bed.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161320878
ER  -