TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Antimycobacterial Agents A1 - Reddy, Divya A1 - O’Donnell, Max R. A2 - Jameson, J. Larry A2 - Fauci, Anthony S. A2 - Kasper, Dennis L. A2 - Hauser, Stephen L. A2 - Longo, Dan L. A2 - Loscalzo, Joseph PY - 2018 T2 - Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e AB - Agents used for the treatment of mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB), leprosy, and infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), are administered in multiple-drug regimens for prolonged courses. Currently, >160 species of mycobacteria have been identified, the majority of which do not cause disease in humans. While the incidence of disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been declining in the United States, TB remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries—particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, where the HIV epidemic rages. Not only effective drug regimens are needed; without a well-organized infrastructure for diagnosis and treatment of TB, therapeutic and control efforts are severely hampered (Chaps. 460 and 462). Infections with NTM have gained in clinical prominence in the United States and other developed countries. These largely environmental organisms often establish infection in immunocompromised patients or in persons with structural lung disease. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155968625 ER -