TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM A1 - Janson, Lee W. A1 - Tischler, Marc E. PY - 2018 T2 - The Big Picture: Medical Biochemistry AB - The breakdown (catabolism) and synthesis (anabolism) of carbohydrate molecules represent the primary means for the human body to store and utilize energy and to provide building blocks for molecules such as nucleotides (Figure 6-1). The enzyme reactions that form the metabolic pathways for monosaccharide carbohydrates (Chapter 2) include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation as the main means to produce the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway represent the two main anabolic pathways to produce new carbohydrate molecules. Glycogen has its own metabolic pathway for lengthening, shortening, and/or adding branch points in the carbohydrate chain(s). Not surprisingly, all of these processes are highly regulated at multiple points to allow the human body to efficiently utilize these important biomolecules. Finally, many modified carbohydrates are part of a variety of surface and cytosolic signaling molecules, including glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (Chapter 2). These important carbohydrate molecules and the control points in carbohydrate and glycoprotein metabolism, therefore, present clinicians with opportunities to modify these many reactions to improve health or to fight disease. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1152118143 ER -