TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE A1 - Garvey, W. Timothy A1 - Mechanick, Jeffrey I. A2 - Fuster, Valentin A2 - Harrington, Robert A. A2 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Eapen, Zubin J. PY - 2017 T2 - Hurst's The Heart, 14e AB - SummaryThis chapter discusses obesity and how it impacts on cardiovascular health and disease. Global prevalence of obesity has increased considerably over the past 30 years, impacting profoundly on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. In the majority of individuals, susceptibility to this chronic disease depends on the inheritance of multiple genes, each conferring a very small relative risk; monogenic forms of obesity are rare. Lifestyle factors—including dietary patterns, physical activity, stress, sleep hygiene, and circadian rhythms—also have important roles in the development of obesity. Direct effects of the excess adipose tissue on other organ systems contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in obese individuals (see accompanying Hurst's Central Illustration). The adverse health effects of excess adiposity manifest by the development of weight-related complications and the emergence of risk factors for those complications. In obese individuals, pathophysiological adaptations (such as in the hypothalamic regulation of appetite) make it challenging to reduce adiposity and maintain any weight loss. Recommended therapeutic strategies for obese individuals involve lifestyle intervention (including dietary changes, increases in physical activity, and behavioural therapy), pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Weight loss reduces risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, lowers blood pressure, and results in lower triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels and higher HDL cholesterol levels. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1191186596 ER -