TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - PULMONARY EMBOLISM A1 - Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo A1 - Tapson, Victor A1 - Fuster, Valentin A1 - Ibanez, Borja A2 - Fuster, Valentin A2 - Harrington, Robert A. A2 - Narula, Jagat A2 - Eapen, Zubin J. PY - 2017 T2 - Hurst's The Heart, 14e AB - Venous thromboembolism (VTE) comprises deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is the third most frequent cardiovascular disease, with an overall annual incidence rate between 75 and 270 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.1 The risk of VTE approximately doubles with each subsequent decade after the age of 40 years; therefore, a larger number of patients are expected to be diagnosed with VTE in aging societies in the coming future.1 PE is the most serious clinical presentation of VTE with 1- and 3-month mortality between 9% and 11% and up to 17%, respectively.2,3,4 Following the acute PE episode, resolution of emboli is frequently incomplete despite optimal anticoagulant therapy,5 which may lead to the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).6 Although a number of patients die of comorbidities that predispose them to the thromboembolic event, approximately one-third of patients who die from PE do so within the first hours of presentation, often before the diagnosis can be confirmed and therapy initiated or because the diagnosis was overlooked.7 Despite advances in diagnostic imaging tests and therapeutic interventions, PE remains underdiagnosed, and prophylaxis continues to be dramatically underused. Globally, improvements in length of stay and changes in the initial treatment are being accompanied by a reduction in short-term all-cause and PE-specific mortality.8,9 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161717477 ER -