TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Endocrine Pancreas and Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia A1 - Powers, Alvin C. A1 - D’Alessio, David A2 - Brunton, Laurence L. A2 - Hilal-Dandan, Randa A2 - Knollmann, Björn C. PY - 2017 T2 - Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13e AB - Diabetes mellitus is a spectrum of metabolic disorders arising from myriad pathogenic mechanisms, all resulting in hyperglycemia. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis, which involves insufficient insulin secretion, reduced responsiveness to endogenous or exogenous insulin, increased glucose production, or abnormalities in fat and protein metabolism. The resulting hyperglycemia may lead to both acute symptoms and metabolic abnormalities. Major sources of the morbidity of diabetes are the chronic complications that arise from prolonged hyperglycemia, including retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. These chronic complications can be mitigated in many patients by sustained control of the blood glucose and treatment of comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia (Nathan, 2014; Orchard et al., 2015). There are now a wide variety of treatment options for hyperglycemia that target different processes involved in glucose regulation or dysregulation (Nathan, 2015). SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/05 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1162542616 ER -