TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Selected Milestones in the Field of Patient Safety
A1  - Wachter, Robert M.
A1  - Gupta, Kiran
PY  - 2017
T2  - Understanding Patient Safety, 3e
AB  - Table  Graphic  Jump  LocationView  Table||Download  (.pdf)YearEventFourth  century  BCHippocrates  writes,  “I  will  never  do  harm  to  anyone,”  which  is  later  translated  (and  changed)  into  “Primum  non  nocere,”  or  “first  do  no  harm.”1857Ignaz  Semmelweiss  publishes  his  findings,  demonstrating  that  hand  disinfection  leads  to  fewer  infections  (puerperal  fever).1863Florence  Nightingale,  in  Notes  on  Hospitals,  writes,  “It  may  seem  a  strange  principle  to  enunciate  as  the  very  first  requirement  in  a  Hospital  that  it  should  do  the  sick  no  harm.”1911Ernest  Codman,  a  Boston  surgeon,  establishes  his  “End  Result”  hospital—with  a  goal  of  following  and  learning  from  patient  outcomes,  include  errors  in  treatment.1917The  first  specialty  board  (ophthalmology)  is  formed.  Ultimately,  24  boards  are  founded  to  certify  physicians  in  the  United  States.1918The  American  College  of  Surgeons  begins  the  first  program  of  hospital  inspection  and  certification.  In  1951,  the  program  becomes  the  Joint  Commission  on  Accreditation  of  Healthcare  Organizations  (JCAHO),  now  the  Joint  Commission.1959Robert  Moser,  an  Army  physician,  publishes  Diseases  of  Medical  Progress,  arguing  that  iatrogenic  disease  is  common  and  preventable.1964Elihu  Schimmel,  a  Yale  physician,  publishes  one  of  the  first  studies  of  iatrogenic  illness,  finding  that  20%  of  patients  admitted  to  a  university  hospital  experienced  an  “untoward  episode.”1977Ivan  Illich  publishes  Limits  of  Medicine.  Medical  Nemesis:  the  Expropriation  of  Health,  arguing  that  healthcare  is  actually  a  threat  to  health.1985The  Anesthesia  Patient  Safety  Foundation  (APSF)  is  founded,  a  year  after  Jeffrey  Cooper's  seminal  paper  analyzing  failures  in  anesthesia  machines.  Twelve  years  later,  the  National  Patient  Safety  Foundation  is  founded,  modeled  on  the  APSF.1990James  Reason  publishes  Human  Error  (and,  seven  years  later,  Managing  the  Risks  of  Organisational  Accidents),  describing  his  new  theory  of  error  as  systems  failure.  His  work  will  go  undiscovered  by  healthcare  until  Leape's  1994  JAMA  article.1991Publication  of  Harvard  Medical  Practice  studies  (from  which  the  IOM  later  derives  its  44,000  to  98,000  deaths/year  estimate).1994Lucian  Leape  publishes  Error  in  Medicine  in  JAMA,  the  first  mainstream  article  in  the  healthcare  literature  arguing  for  a  systems  approach  to  safety.1999The  release  of  the  IOM  report,  To  Err  Is  Human,  creates  a  media  sensation  and  begins  the  modern  patient  safety  movement.2000Following  the  IOM  report,  the  UK's  National  Health  Service  releases  another  major  report,  An  Organisation  with  a  Memory.2001The  IOM  releases  its  Quality  Chasm  report.2001The  Agency  for  Healthcare  Research  and  Quality  (AHRQ)  receives  $50  million  from  Congress  to  begin  an  aggressive  patient  safety  research  and  improvement  program.2002The  Joint  Commission  releases  its  first  National  Patient  Safety  Goals.2002The  National  Quality  Forum  launches  its  list  of  Serious  Reportable  Events  (the  “Never  Events”  list),  which  later  becomes  the  scaffolding  for  public  reporting  and  “no  pay”  programs.2003The  Accreditation  Council  on  Graduate  Medical  Education  (ACGME)  institutes  duty-hour  regulations,  limiting  residents  to  80  hours/week.2004The  U.S.  government  creates  the  Office  of  the  National  Coordinator  for  Healthcare  IT  (ONCHIT),  the  first  federal  initiative  to  computerize  healthcare.2005–2006The  Institute  for  Healthcare  Improvement  launches  its  100,000  Lives  Campaign,  followed  a  year  later  by  its  5  Million  Lives  Campaign.2005The  U.S.  Congress  passes  the  Patient  Safety  Act,  paving  the  way  for  the  creation  of  patient  safety  organizations  beginning  in  2009.2006Pronovost  and  colleagues  report  the  results  of  the  Keystone  project,  which  slashed  ...
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146176702
ER  -