TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Evaluation & Treatment of the Perioperative Patient A1 - Shah, Sanjiv J. A1 - Crawford, Michael H. A2 - Crawford, Michael H. PY - 2017 T2 - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Cardiology, 5e AB - The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and the death rate associated with it rise sharply after age 45, an age when the incidence of noncardiac surgeries is also increasing, and approximately one-third of the 50 million surgical procedures done annually in the United States are performed in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac deaths and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) occur in about 0.2% of all cases of general anesthesia and surgery (about 500,000 events annually). Cardiac deaths account for approximately 40% of all perioperative mortality, the same proportion as sepsis, although in many cases, the cause of death is multisystem organ failure. These figures underestimate the total effect of cardiovascular diseases because another 500,000 persons a year suffer nonfatal MI, unstable angina, or congestive heart failure (CHF) perioperatively, prolonging both their time in the intensive care unit and the total hospital stay. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1139744199 ER -