TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation A1 - Adrish, Muhammad A1 - Leung, Sharon A1 - Jakobleff, William A1 - Carlese, Anthony A2 - Oropello, John M. A2 - Pastores, Stephen M. A2 - Kvetan, Vladimir PY - 1 T2 - Critical Care AB - KEY POINTSExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide cardiac/cardiopulmonary support via venoarterial (VA) ECMO or pulmonary support via venovenous (VV) ECMO.The indications typically being bridge to recovery, bridge to transplant, or bridge to decision.Early use of ECMO showed poor response leading to a loss of interest in ECMO as a potential therapeutic modality, reappraisal of early results suggests patient selection, and technological limitations precluded successful results.The results of the CESAR trial and H1N1 experience along with technological improvements and a general improvement in the care of critically ill patients have led to renewed interest in the use of ECMO.Modification of cannulation options either at central or at peripheral locations can affect unloading of the heart as well as impacting the ability to oxygenate the cardiac and cerebral circulations.Improvement in skill of critical care ultrasonography by intensivists has allowed cannulation to move from the operating room and catheterization laboratory to the bedside for VV ECMO and peripherally cannulated VA ECMO. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/14 UR - accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1136419592 ER -