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A 71-year-old woman presented with a rapidly growing lesion on her face over the past 4 months (Figure 167-1). The lesion had features of a basal cell carcinoma with a pearly border and telangiectasias (Figure 167-2). Also the central crater with keratin gave it the appearance of a keratoacanthoma (KA). A shave biopsy was performed and the pathology showed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-KA type. A full elliptical excision with 4-mm margins was then performed.
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The KA is a unique epidermal tumor characterized by rapid, abundant growth and a spontaneous resolution, with the classic presentation in middle-aged, light-skinned individuals in hair-bearing, sun-exposed areas. In the late 1940s, Freudenthal of Wroclaw coined the term keratoacanthoma, owing to the considerable acanthosis observed in the tumor. Controversies have arisen since the 1950s about the real nature of the tumor; some KAs may metastasize, and there is debate over the relationship to SCC.1,2 Many dermatopathologists now classify this tumor as a subtype of SCC.
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- Keratocarcinoma.1
- Molluscum sebaceum.
- Molluscum pseudocarcinomatosum.
- Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasm.
- Self-healing squamous epithelioma.
- Intracutaneous cornifying epithelioma.
- Idiopathic cutaneous pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.
- Verrugoma.
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- KA develops as a solitary nodule in sun-exposed areas.
- Seen more commonly later in life with a predilection for males.1
- Develops rapidly within 6 to 8 weeks.
- May spontaneously regress after 3 to 6 months or may continue to grow and rarely metastasize.3
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- KAs share features such as infiltration and cytologic atypia with SCCs.
- KAs have been reported to metastasize.
- KA is considered to be a variant of SCC, called SCC-KA type.
- Histologic criteria are not sensitive enough to discriminate reliably between KA and SCC.4
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- Ages 40s to 60s.
- Occurs on sun-exposed areas of skin.
- Light complexion.
- Male gender.
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Solitary nodule in sun exposed areas. Often have a central keratin plug that resembles a volcano (Figures 167-1, 167-2, 167-3, 167-4, and 167-5). KAs may grow rapidly (Figure 167-6). Rare cases of multiple eruptive KAs have been reported.1
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