1. Taylor CR et al: Photoaging/photodamage and photoprotection. J Am Acad Dermatol 22:1-15, 1990
2. Lavker RM: Cutaneous aging: chronological versus photoaging. In: Photodamage, edited by BA Gilchrest. Cambridge, MA, Blackwell Science, 1995, pp. 123-135
3. Alster TS: Cutaneous resurfacing with CO2 and erbium:YAG lasers: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations. Plast Reconstr Surg 103:619-632, 1999
4. Alster TS, Garg S: Treatment of facial rhytides with a high-energy pulsed carbon dioxide laser. Plast Reconstr Surg 98:791-794, 1996
5. Alster TS, Lupton JR: An overview of cutaneous laser resurfacing. Clin Plast Surg 28:37-52, 2001
6. Alster TS, Nanni CA, Williams CM: Comparison of four carbon dioxide resurfacing lasers: a clinical and histopathologic evaluation. Dermatol Surg 25:153-159, 1999
7. Bernstein LJ et al: The short- and long-term side effects of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. Dermatol Surg 23:519-525, 1997
8. Alster TS, Tanzi EL: Complications in laser and light surgery. In: Laser Skin Surgery, vol. 2, edited by DB Goldberg. Philadephia, Elsevier, Inc., 2005, pp. 103-118
9. Alster TS, Lupton JR: Are all infrared lasers equally effective in skin rejuvenation. Semin Cutan Med Surg 21:274-279, 2002
10. Tanzi EL, Williams CM, Alster TS: Treatment of facial rhytides with a nonablative 1450-nm diode laser: a controlled clinical and histologic study. Dermatol Surg 29:124-129, 2003
11. Zelickson B et al: Pulsed dye laser therapy for sun damaged skin. Lasers Surg Med 25:229-236, 1999
12. Zelickson B, Kist D: Effect of pulse dye laser and intense pulsed light source on the dermal extracellular matrix remodeling. Lasers Surg Med 12:68, 2000
13. Goldberg DJ, Cutler KB: Nonablative treatment of rhytids with intense pulsed light. Lasers Surg Med 26:196-200, 2000
14. Bitter PH: Noninvasive rejuvenation of photodamaged skin using serial, full-face intense pulsed light treatments. Dermatol Surg 26:835-843, 2000
15. Weiss RA, Weiss MA, Beasley KL: Rejuvenation of photoaged skin: 5 years results with intense pulsed light of the face, neck, and chest. Dermatol Surg 28:1115-1119, 2002
16. Goldberg DJ, Whitworth J: Laser skin resurfacing with the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 23:903-906, discussion p. 906-907, 1997
17. Goldberg DJ, Metzler C: Skin resurfacing utilizing a low-fluence Nd:YAG laser. J Cutan Laser Ther 1:23-27, 1999
18. Lee MW: Combination visible and infrared lasers for skin rejuvenation. Semin Cutan Med Surg 21:288-300, 2002
19. Menaker GM et al: Treatment of facial rhytids with a nonablative laser: a clinical and histologic study. Dermatol Surg 25:440-444, 1999
20. Goldberg DJ: Nonablative subsurface remodeling: clinical and histologic evaluation of a 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser. J Cutan Laser Ther 1:153-157, 1999
21. Goldberg DJ: Full-face nonablative dermal remodeling with a 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 26:915-918, 2000
22. Trelles MA, Allones I, Luna R: Facial rejuvenation with a nonablative 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser. A preliminary clinical and histologic evaluation. Dermatol Surg 27:111-116, 2001
23. Fatemi A, Weiss MA, Weiss RA: Short-term histologic effects of nonablative resurfacing: Results with a dynamically cooled millisecond-domain 1320 nm Nd:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 28:172-176, 2002
24. Hardaway CA, Ross EV: Nonablative laser skin remodeling. Dermatol Clin 20:97-111, 2002
25. Goldberg DJ, Rogachefsky AS, Silapunt S: Nonablative laser treatment of facial rhytides: A comparison of 1450nm diode laser treatment with dynamic cooling as opposed to treatment with dynamic cooling alone. Lasers Surg Med 30:79-81, 2002
26. Hardaway CA, Ross EV, Paithankar DY: Non-ablative cutaneous remodeling with a 1.45 micron mid-infrared diode laser: phase II. J Cosmet Laser Ther 4:9-14, 2002
27. Lupton JR, Williams CM, Alster TS: Nonablative laser skin resurfacing using a 1540nm erbium glass laser: A clinical and histologic analysis. Dermatol Surg 28:833-835, 2002
28. Mordon S et al: In vivo experimental evaluation of nonablative skin remodeling using a 1.54um laser with surface cooling. Lasers Surg Med 27:1-9, 2000
29. Fournier N et al: Nonablative remodeling: a 14-month clinical ultrasound imaging and profilometric evaluation of a 1540 nm Er:Glass laser. Dermatol Surg 28:926-931, 2002
30. Huzaira M et al: Intradermal focusing of near-infrared optical pulses: a new approach for non-ablative laser therapy. Lasers Surg Med 15(Suppl):66, 2003
31. Manstein D et al: Fractional photothermolysis: a new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury. Lasers Surg Med 34:426-438, 2004
32. Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Dover JS, Arndt KA: The spectrum of laser skin resurfacing: non-ablative, fractional, and ablative laser resurfacing. J Am Acad Dermatol 58:719-777, 2008
33. Alster TS, Tanzi EL, Lazarus M: The use of fractional photothermolysis in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Dermatol Surg 33:295-299, 2007
34. Wanner M, Tanzi EL, Alster TS: Fractional photothermolysis: treatment of facial and nonfacial cutaneous photodamage with a 1550 nm erbium-doped fiber laser. Dermatol Surg 33:23-28, 2007
35. Weiss RA et al: Prospective clinical evaluation of 1440 nm laser delivered by microarray for treatment of photoaging and scars. J Drugs Dermatol 5:740-744, 2006
36. Lloyd JR. Effect of fluence on efficacy using the 1440nm laser with CAP technology for the treatment of rhytids. Lasers Surg Med 40:387-389, 2008
37. Kouba DJ, Fincher EF, May RL: Nevus of Ota successfully treated by fractional photothermolysis using a fractionated 1440nm Nd:YAG laser. Arch Dermatol 144:156-158, 2008
38. Graber EM, Tanzi EL, Alster TS: Side effects and complications of fractional laser photothermolysis: experience with 961 treatments. Dermatol Surg 4:301-307, 2008
39. Metelitsa AI, Alster TS: Fractionated laser skin resurfacing treatment complications: a review. Dermatol Surg 36:299-306, 2010
40. Tierney EP, Kouba DJ, Hanke CW: Review of fractional photothermolysis: treatment indications and efficacy. Dermatol Surg 5:1445-1461, 2009
41. Geronemus R: Fractional photothermolysis: current and future applications. Lasers Surg Med 38:169-176, 2006
42. Brightman LA et al: Ablative and fractional ablative lasers. Dermatol Clin 27:479-489, 2009
43. Hunzeker CM, Weiss ET, Geronemus RG: Fractionated carbon dioxide laser resurfacing: our experience with more than 2000 treatments. Aesthet Surg J 29(4):317-322, 2009
44. West TB, Alster TS: Effect of pretreatment on the incidence of hyperpigmentation following cutaneous CO2 laser resurfacing. Dermatol Surg 25:15-17, 1999
45. Hevia O, Nemeth AJ, Taylor JR:
Tretinoin accelerates healing after trichloroacetic acid chemical peel.
Arch Dermatol 127:678-682, 1991
46. Alster TS: Preoperative preparation for CO2 laser resurfacing. In: Skin Resurfacing, edited by WP Coleman, N Lawrence. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1998, pp. 171-179
47. Walia S, Alster TS: Cutaneous CO2 laser resurfacing infection rate with and without prophylactic antibiotics. Dermatol Surg 25:857-861, 1999
48. Shapshay SM et al: Removal of rhinophyma with the carbon dioxide laser. A preliminary report. Arch Otolaryngol 106:257-259, 1980
49. Dufresne RG et al: Carbon dioxide laser treatment of chronic actinic cheilitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 19:876-878, 1988
50. Alster TS, Kauvar ANB, Geronemus RG: Histology of high-energy pulsed CO2 laser resurfacing. Semin Cutan Med Surg 15:189-193, 1996
51. Tanzi EL, Lupton JR, Alster TS: Review of lasers in dermatology: four decades of progress. J Am Acad Dermatol 49:1-31, 2003
52. Lanzafame RJ et al: Comparisons of continuous-wave,
chop wave, and superpulsed laser wounds.
Lasers Surg Med 8:119-124, 1988
53. Anderson RR, Parrish JA: Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 22:524-527, 1983
54. Walsh JT, Deutsch TF: Pulsed CO2 laser tissue ablation: measurement of the ablation rate. Lasers Surg Med 8:264-275, 1988
55. Fitzpatrick RE, Ruiz-Esparza J, Goldman MP: The depth of thermal necrosis using the CO2 laser: a comparison of the superpulsed mode and conventional mode. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 17:340-344, 1991
56. Stuzin JM et al: Histologic effects of the high-energy pulsed CO2 laser on photo-aged facial skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 99:2036-2050, 1997
57. Walsh JT et al: Pulsed CO2 laser tissue ablation: effect of tissue type and pulse duration on thermal damage. Lasers Surg Med 8:108-118, 1988
58. Walsh JT, Flotte TJ, Deutsch TF: Er:YAG laser ablation of tissue: effect of pulse duration and tissue type on thermal damage. Lasers Surg Med 9:327-337, 1989
59. Ross EV, Anderson RR: The erbium laser in skin resurfacing. In: Cosmetic Laser Surgery, 2nd edition, edited by TS Alster, DB Apfelberg. New York, John Wiley, 1999, pp. 57-84
60. Alster TS: Clinical and histologic evaluation of six erbium:YAG lasers for cutaneous resurfacing. Lasers Surg Med 24:87-92, 1999
61. Hibst R, Kaufmann R: Effects of laser parameters on pulsed ErYAG laser ablation. Lasers Med Science 6:391-397, 1991
62. Hohenleutner U et al: Fast and effective skin ablation with an Er:YAG laser: determination of ablation rates and thermal damage zones. Lasers Surg Med 20:242-247, 1997
63. Alster TS, Lupton JR: Erbium:YAG cutaneous laser resurfacing. Dermatol Clin 19:453-466, 2001
64. Khatri KA et al: Comparison of erbium:YAG and carbon dioxide lasers in resurfacing of facial rhytides. Arch Dermatol 135:391-397, 1999
65. Sapijaszko MJA, Zachary CB: Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing. Dermatol Clin 20:87-96, 2002
66. Tanzi EL, Alster TS: Side effects and complications of variable-pulsed erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser skin resurfacing: extended experience with 50 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 111:1524-1529, 2003
67. Pozner JM, Goldberg DJ: Histologic effect of a variable pulsed Er:YAG laser. Dermatol Surg 26:733-736, 2000
68. Ross EV et al: Use of a novel erbium laser in a Yucatan minipig: a study of residual thermal damage (RTD), ablation, and wound healing as a function of pulse duration. Lasers Surg Med 15:17, 1999
69. Fitzpatrick RE, Rostan EF, Marchell N:
Collagen tightening induced by carbon dioxide laser versus erbium:YAG laser.
Lasers Surg Med 27:395-403, 2000
70. Rohrer TE: Erbium:YAG laser resurfacing-experience of the first 200 cases. Aesthet Dermatol Cosmet Surg 1:19-30, 1999
71. Rostan EF, Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP: Laser resurfacing with a long pulse erbium:YAG laser compared to the 950 ms pulsed CO2 laser. Lasers Surg Med 29:136-141, 2001
72. Gold MH: Update on fractional laser technology. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 3:42-50, 2010
73. Waibel J et al: Preliminary observations on fractional ablative resurfacing devices: clinical impressions. J Drugs Dermatol 8:481-485, 2009
74. Kilmer SL et al: Full–face laser resurfacing using a supplemented topical anesthesia protocol. Arch Dermatol 139:1279-1283, 2003
75. Alster TS, Lupton JR: Evaluation of a novel topical anesthetic agent for cutaneous laser resurfacing: a randomized comparison study. Dermatol Surg 28:1004-1006, 2002
76. Bing J, McAuliff MS, Lupton JR: Regional anesthesia with monitored anesthesia care for dermatologic laser surgery. Dermatol Clin 20:123-134, 2002
77. Alster TS, Lupton JR: Prevention and treatment of side effects and complications of cutaneous laser resurfacing. Plast Reconst Surg 109:308-316, 2002
78. Fitzpatrick RE, Smith SR, Sriprachya-anunt S: Depth of vaporization and the effect of pulse stacking with a high-energy, pulsed carbon dioxide laser. J Am Acad Dermatol 40:615-622, 1999
79. Ruback BW, Schroenrock LD: Histological and clinical evaluation of facial resurfacing using a carbon dioxide laser with the computer pattern generator. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 123:929-934, 1997
80. David L, Ruiz-Esparza J: Fast healing after laser skin resurfacing: the minimal mechanical trauma technique. Dermatol Surg 23:359-361, 1997
81. Ruiz-Esparza J, Gomez JMB: Long-term effects of one general pass laser resurfacing: a look at dermal tightening and skin quality. Dermatol Surg 25:169-174, 1999
82. Alster TS, Hirsch RJ: Single-pass CO2 laser skin resurfacing of light and dark skin: extended experience with 52 patients. J Cosmet Laser Ther 5:39-42, 2003
83. Tanzi EL, Alster TS: Single-pass carbon dioxide versus multiple-pass Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing: a comparison of postoperative wound healing and side-effect rates. Dermatol Surg 29:80-84, 2003
84. Alster TS, Tanzi EL: Laser skin resurfacing: ablative and nonablative. In: Surgery of the Skin, edited by J Robinson et al. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2005, pp. 611-624
85. Kono T et al: Prospective direct comparison study of fractional resurfacing using different fluences and densities for skin rejuvenation in Asians. Lasers Surg Med 39:311-314, 2007
86. Lowe NJ et al: Skin resurfacing with the ultrapulse carbon +dioxide laser: observations on 100 patients. Dermatol Surg 21:1025-1029, 1995
87. Alster TS: Comparison of two high-energy, pulsed carbon dioxide lasers in the treatment of periorbital rhytides. Dermatol Surg 22:541-545, 1996
88. Apfelberg DB: Ultrapulse carbon dioxide laser with CPG scanner for full-face resurfacing of rhytides, photoaging, and acne scars. Plast Reconstr Surg 99:1817-1825, 1997
89. Lask G et al: Laser skin resurfacing with the SilkTouch flashscanner for facial rhytides. Dermatol Surg 21:1021-1024, 1995
90. Waldorf HA, Kauvar ANB, Geronemus RG: Skin resurfacing of fine to deep rhytides using a char-free carbon dioxide laser in 47 patients. Dermatol Surg 21:940-946, 1995
91. Ratner D et al: Pilot ultrastructural evaluation of human preauricular skin before and after high-energy pulsed carbon dioxide laser treatment. Arch Dermatol 134:582-587, 1998
92. Ratner D et al: Cutaneous laser resurfacing. J Am Acad Dermatol 41:365-389, 1999
93. Ross E et al:
In vivo dermal
collagen shrinkage and remodeling following CO
2 laser resurfacing.
Lasers Surg Med 18:38-43, 1996
94. Flor PJ, Spurr OK: Melting equilibrium for
collagen fibers under stress: elasticity in the amorphous state.
J Am Chem Soc 83:1308, 1960
95. Flor PJ, Weaver ES: Helix coil transition in dilute aqueous
collagen solutions.
J Am Chem Soc 82:4518, 1989
96. Alster TS: Commentary on: Increased smooth muscle actin, factor XIII a, and vimentin-positive cells in the papillary dermis of carbon dioxide laser-debrided porcine skin. Dermatol Surg 24:155, 1998
97. Gotkin RH et al: Ablative skin resurfacing with a novel microablative CO2 laser. J Drugs Dermatol 8:138-144, 2009
98. Chapas AM et al: Successful treatment of acneiform scarring with CO2 ablative fractional resurfacing. Lasers Surg Med 40:381-386, 2008
99. Walgrave SE et al: Evaluation of a novel fractional resurfacing device for treatment of acne scarring. Lasers Surg Med 41:122-127, 2009
100. Weiss ET et al: Successful treatment of atrophic postoperative and traumatic scarring with carbon dioxide ablative fractional resurfacing: quantitative volumetric scar improvement. Arch Dermatol 146:133-140, 2010
101. Weiss ET, Geronemus RG: Combining fractional resurfacing + Q-switched ruby for tattoo removal. Dermatol Surg 37(1):97-99, 2011
102. Lapidoth M, Yagima Odo ME, Odo LM: Novel use of erbium:YAG (2940 nm) laser for fractional ablative photothermolysis in the treatment of photodamaged facial skin: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 34:1048-1053, 2008
103. Gold MH: Clinical evaluation of the SmartSkin fractional laser for the treatment of photodamage and acne scars. J Drugs Dermatol 8:S4-S8, 2009
104. Nanni CA, Alster TS: Complications of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing: an evaluation of 500 patients. Dermatol Surg 24:315-320, 1998
105. Alster TS, West TB: Effect of topical vitamin C on postoperative carbon dioxide resurfacing erythema. Dermatol Surg 24:331-334, 1998
106. McDaniel DH et al: Accelerated laser resurfacing wound healing using a triad of topical antioxidants. Dermatol Surg 24:661-664, 1998
107. Horton S, Alster TS: Preoperative and postoperative considerations for cutaneous laser resurfacing. Cutis 64:399-406, 1999
108. Fisher AA: Lasers and allergic contact dermatitis to topical antibiotics, with particular reference to
bacitracin.
Cutis 58:252-254, 1996
109. Sriprachya-anunt S et al: Infections complicating pulsed carbon dioxide laser resurfacing for photo-aged facial skin. Dermatol Surg 23:527-536, 1997
110. Friedman PM, Geronemus RG: Use of the 308-nm excimer laser for postresurfacing leukoderma. Arch Dermatol 137:824-825, 2001
111. Grimes PE et al: Laser resurfacing-induced hypopigmentation: histologic alteration and repigmentation with topical photochemotherapy. Dermatol Surg 27:515-520, 2001
112. Glaich AS et al: Fractional resurfacing for the treatment of hypopigmented scars: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 33:289-294, 2007
113. Alster TS, Nanni CA: Pulsed-dye laser treatment of hypertrophic burn scars. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:2190-2195, 1998
114. Ross VE et al: One-pass CO2 versus multiple-pass Er:YAG laser resurfacing in the treatment of rhytides: a comparison side-by-side study of pulsed CO2 and Er:YAG lasers. Dermatol Surg 27:709-715, 2001
115. Zachary CB: Modulating the Er:YAG laser. Lasers Surg Med 26:223-226, 2002
116. Tanzi EL, Alster TS: Effect of a semiocclusive silicone-based dressing after ablative laser resurfacing of facial skin. Cosmet Dermatol 16:13-16, 2003
117. Batra RS et al: Evaluation of a silicone occlusive dressing after laser skin resurfacing. Arch Dermatol 137:1317-1321, 2001
118. Fabbrocini G, Pia De Padova M, Tosti A: Chemical peels: what's new and what isn't new but still works well. Facial Plast Surg 25:329-336, 2009
119. Fulton JE, Porumb S: Chemical peels: their place within the range of resurfacing techniques. Am J Clin Dermatol 5:179-87, 2004
120. Cox SE, Butterwick KJ: Chemical peels. In: Surgery of the Skin, edited by J Robinson et al. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2005, pp. 463-480
121. Brody HJ: Skin resurfacing: Chemical peels. In: Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 6th edition, edited by IM Freedberg et al. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2003
122. Matarasso SL, Glogau RG: Chemical face peels. Dermatol Clin 9:131-150, 1991
123. Monheit GD: The Jessner's-trichloroacetic acid peel: an enhanced medium-depth chemical peel. Dermatol Clin 13:277-283, 1995
124. Monheit GD: Chemical peels. Skin Therapy Lett 9:6-11, 2004
125. Monheit GD, Chastain MA: Chemical peels. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 9:239-255, 2001
126. Kligman AM, Baker TJ, Gordon HL: Long-term histologic follow-up of
phenol face peels.
Plast Reconctr Surg 75:652-659, 1985
127. Brown AM, Kaplan LM, Brown ME:
Phenol induced histological skin changes: hazards, techniques, and uses.
Br J Plast Surg 13:158-169, 1960
128. Mosienko P, Baker TJ: Chemical peel. Clin Plast Surg 5:79-96, 1978
129. Brody HJ: Complications of chemical resurfacing. Dermatol Clin 19:427-438, 2001
130. Kurtin A: Surgical planing of the skin. Arch Derm Syphilol 68:389, 1953
131. Yarborough JM Jr: Ablation of facial scars by programmed dermabrasion. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 14:292-294, 1988
132. Mandy SH, Monheit GD: Dermabrasion and chemical peels. In: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, edited by ID Papel. New York, Thieme Medical Publishing, 2002, pp. 223-240
133. Spencer JM, Harmon CB: Microdermabrasion and dermabrasion. In: Surgery of the Skin, edited by J Robinson et al. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2005, pp. 611-624
134. Yarborough JM Jr: Dermabrasion by wire brush. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 13:610-615, 1987
135. Rubenstein R et al: Atypical keloids after dermabrasion of patients taking
isotretinoin.
J Am Acad Dermatol 15:280-285, 1986
136. Bagatin E et al: Dermabrasion for acne scars during treatment with oral
isotretinoin.
Dermatol Surg 36:48-498, 2010
137. Pinski J: Dressings for dermabrasion: occlusive dressings and wound healing. Cutis 37:471, 1986