1. Page EH, Shear NH: Temperature-dependent skin disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 18:1003, 1988
2. Claes G et al: Skin, cold and winter sports. Rev Med Liege 56:257, 2001
3. Quatresooz P et al: It's a bit chilly, cold is stinging and skin is going to suffer. Rev Med Liege 63, 18:2008
4. Kauppinen K: Sauna and winter swimming. Arct Med Res 47:71, 1989
5. Keatinge WR et al: Exceptional case of survival in cold water. BMJ 292:171, 1986
6. Schmid Schoenlein GW: Activated leukocytes and endothelium in chronic venous insufficiency. Phlebology 10(Suppl. 1):90, 1995
7. Oberle J et al: Temperature-dependent interaction between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mechanisms in human skin. Acta Physiol Scand 132:149, 1988
8. Hornstein OP, Heyer G: Responses of skin temperature to different thermic stimuli. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 144(Suppl.):149, 1989
9. Dana AS Jr et al: The hunting reaction. Arch Dermatol 99:441, 1969
10. O'Brien C: Reproducibility of the cold induced vasodilation response in the human finger. J Appl Physiol 98:1334, 2005
11. Xhauflaire-Uhoda E et al: Dew point effect of cooled hydrogel pads on human sratum corneum biosurface. Dermatology 216:37, 2008
12. Nizet JL et al: Revisiting biothermal effects on erythematous hypertrophic scars during pregnancy. J Cosmet Dermatol 8:27, 2009
13. Rintamaki H: Predisposing factors and prevention of frostbite. Int J Circumpolar Health 59:114, 2000
14. Piérard-Franchimont C et al: Skin surface patterns of xerotic legs: the flexural and accretive types. Int J Cosmet Sci 23:121, 2001
15. West JB: Survival following severe acute hypoxia and cold. High Alt Med Biol 4(4): 485, 2003
16. Paquet F et al: Sensitive skin at menopause: Dew point and electrometric properties of the stratum corneum. Maturitas 28:221, 1998
17. Francis TJR: Nonfreezing cold injury: a historical review. J R Nav Med Serv 70:134, 1984
18. DeGroot DW et al: Epidemiolgy of US Army cold weather injuries, 1980–1999. Aviat Space Environ Med 74:564, 2003
19. Taylor MS: Cold weather injuries during peacetime military training. Mil Med 157:602, 1992
20. Murphy JV et al: Frostbite: Pathogenesis and treatment. J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care 48:171, 2000
21. Imray CH, Oakley EH: Cold still kills: Cold-related illnesses in military practice freezing and non-freezing cold injury. J R Army Med Corps 151:218, 2005
22. Long WB 3rd et al: Cold injuries. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 15:67, 2005
23. Schindera ST et al: Spectrum of injuries from glacial sports. Wilderness Environ Med 16:33, 2005
24. Miller BJ, Chasmar LR: Frostbite in Saskatoon: A review of 10 winters. Can J Surg 23:423, 1980
25. Fritz RL, Perrin DH: Cold exposure injuries: Prevention and treatment. Clin Sports Med 8:111, 1989
26. Harirchi I et al: Frostbite: Incidence and predisposing factors in mountaineers. Br J Sports Med 39:898, 2005
27. Wright
TC et al: Leakage of liquefied petroleum gas during motor vehicle refueling – A new cause of cold injury.
Burns 32:132, 2006
28. Foray J: Mountain frostbite: Current trends in prognosis and treatment (from results concerning 1261 cases). Int J Sports Med 13(Suppl 1):193, 1992
29. Burge S et al: Effect of freezing the helix and rim or edge of the human and pig ear. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 10:816, 1984
30. Cooke E et al: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and repetitive strain injury: Temperature and microcirculatory changes following mild cold stress. J R Soc Med 86:69, 1993
31. Arvesen A et al: Skin microcirculation in patients with sequelae from local cold injuries. Int J Microcirc Exp 14:335, 1994
32. Middleton JB, Allen BM: The influence of temperature and humidity on stratum corneum and its relation to skin chapping. J Soc Cosmet Chem 24:239, 1974
33. Piérard-Franchimont C, Piérard GE: Beyond a glimpse at seasonal dry skin: A review. Exog Dermatol 1:3, 2002
34. Dawber RPR: Cold kills. Clin Exp Dermatol 13:138, 1993
35. Fowler A, Toner M: Cryo-injury and biopreservation. Ann NY Acad Sci 1066:119, 2005
36. Nikkels AF, Piérard GE: Cryoscopy: A novel enhancing method for in vivo skin imaging. Skin Res Technol 13:377, 2007
37. Gage AA: What temperature is lethal for cells? J Dermatol Surg Oncol 5:459, 1979
38. Irwin MS et al: Neuropathy in non-freezing cold injury (trench foot). J R Soc Med 90:433, 1997
39. Ervasti O et al: Sequelae of moderate finger frostbite as assessed by subjective sensations, clinical signs, and thermophysiological responses. Int J Circumpolar Health 59:137, 2000
40. Kibbi AG, Tannous Z: Skin diseases caused by heat and cold. Clin Dermatol 16:91, 1998
41. Lehmuskallio E, Anttonen H: Thermophysical effects of ointments in cold: An experimental study with a skin model. Acta Derm Venereol 79:33, 1999
42. Lehmuskallio E: Cold protecting ointments and frostbite. A questionnaire study of 830 conscripts in Finland. Acta Derm Venereol 79:67, 1999
43. Hamlet MP: Prevention and treatment of cold injury. Int J Circumpolar Health 59:108, 2000
44. Ervasti O et al: The occurrence of frostbite and its risk factors in young men. Int J Circumpolar Helath 63:71, 2004
45. Harirchi I et al: Frostbite: incidence and predisposing factors in mountaineers. Br J Sports Med 39:898, 2005
46. Daanen HA, van der Struijs NR: Resistance index of frostbite as a predictor of cold injury in arctic operations. Aviat Space Environ Med 76:1119, 2005
47. Lehmuskallio E:
Emollients in the prevention of frostbite.
Int J Circumpolar Health 59:122, 2000
48. Lehmuskallio E et al: Thermal effects of
emollients on facial skin in the cold.
Acta Derm Venereol (
stockh)
80:203, 2000
49. Claes G, Piérard GE: Biometrological assessment of skin protectors against moderate cold threat. Exog Dermatol 1:92, 2002
50. Hirvonen J: Some aspects on death in the cold and concomitant frostbites. Int J Circumpolar Health 59:131, 2000
51. Koljonen V et al: Frostbite injuries treated in the Helsinki area from 1995 to 2002. J Trauma 57:1315, 2004
52. Mehta RC, Wilson MA: Frostbite injury: Prediction of tissue viability with triple-phase bone scanning. Radiology 170:511, 1989
53. Barker JR et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of severe frostbite injuries. Ann Plast Surg 38:275, 1997
54. Probst F, et al: Oxpentifylline: An advance in the treatment of frostbite. Emerg Nurse 11:22, 2003
55. Twomey JA et al: An open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator in treatment of severe frostbite. J Trauma 59:1350, 2005
56. Petrone P et al: Surgical management and strategies in the treatment of hypothermia and cold injury. Emerg Med Clin North Am 21:1165, 2003
57. Uysal A et al: Marjolin's ulcer on frostbite. Burns 31:792, 2005
58. Taplin D et al: The role of temperature in tropical immersion foot syndrome. JAMA 202:210, 1967
59. Toback
AC et al: Pulling boat hands: A unique dermatosis from coastal New England.
J Am Acad Dermatol 12:649, 1985
60. Uter W et al: An epidemiological study of the influence of season (cold and dry air) on the occurrence of irritant skin changes of the hands. Br J Dermatol 138:266, 1998
61. Cholongitas E, Ioannidou D: Acrocyanosis due to cold agglutinins in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 15:375, 2009
62. Shirafuji Y et al: Cold agglutinin-induced acrocyanosis in a patient with subclinical chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a beneficial response to
rituximab.
Eur J Dermatol 20(3):394-396, 2010 [Epub Feb 5, 2010]
63. Del Giudice P et al: Hand edema and acrocyanosis: “Puffy hand syndrome”. Arch Dermatol 142:1084, 2006
64. Goette DK: Chilbain (perniosis). J Am Acad Dermatol 23:257, 1990
65. Simon TD et al: Pernio in pediatrics. Pediatrics 116:472, 2005
66. Price RD, Murdoch DR: Perniosis (chilblains) of the thigh: Report of five cases, including four following river crossings. High Alt Med Biol 2:535, 2001
67. Brown PJ et al: The purple digit: An algorithmic approach to diagnosis. Ann J Clin Dermatol 11:103, 2010
68. Wesagowit P et al: Papular perniosis mimicking erythema multiforme: The first case report in Thailand. Int J Dermatol 39:527, 2000
69. Dowd PM et al:
Nifedipine in the treatment of chilblains.
BMJ 293:923, 1986
70. Beacham BE et al: Equestrian cold panniculitis in women. Arch Dermatol 116:1025, 1980
71. Kelly JW, Dowling JP: Pernio: A possible association with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Arch Dermatol 121:1048, 1985
72. Wall LM, Smith NP: Perniosis: A histopathological review. Clin Exp Dermatol 6:263, 1981
73. Cribier B et al: A histologic and immunohistochemical study of chilblains. J Am Acad Dermatol 45:924, 2001
74. Viguier M et al: Clinical and histopathologic features and immunologic variables in patients with severe chilblains. A study of the relationship to lupus erythematosus. Medicine 80:180, 2001
75. Doutre MS et al: Chilblain lupus erythematosus: Report of 15 cases. Dermatology 184:26, 1992
76. Pock L et al: Verrucous form of chilblain lupus erythematosus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15:448, 2001
77. Langtry JAA, Diffey BL: A double-blind study of ultraviolet phototherapy in the prophylaxis of chilblains. Acta Derm Venereol (stockh) 69:320, 1989
78. De Silva BD et al: Equestrian perniosis associated with cold agglutinins: A novel finding. Clin Exp Dermatol 25:285, 2000
79. Wanderer AA: Cold urticaria syndromes: Historical background, diagnostic classification, clinical and laboratory characteristics, pathogenesis, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85:965, 1990
80. Alangari AA et al: Clinical features and anaphylaxis in children with cold urticaria. Pediatrics 113:313, 2004
81. Kozel MM, Sabroe RA: Chronic urticaria: Aetiology, management and current and future treatment options. Drugs 64:2515, 2004
82. La Shell MS et al: Cold urticaria: A case report and review of the literature. Cutis 76:257, 2005
83. Buss YL, Sticherling M: Cold urticaria; disease course and outcome – An investigation of 85 patients before and after therapy. Br J Dermatol 153:440, 2005
84. Hoffman HM et al: Prevention of cold-associated acute inflammation in familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Lancet 364:1779, 2004
85. Shpall RL et al: A case of familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome confirmed by the presence of a CIAS1 mutation. Br J Dermatol 150:1029, 2004
86. Haas N et al: Muckle-Wells syndrome: Clinical and histological skin findings compatible with cold air urticaria in a large kindred. Br J Dermatol 151:99, 2004
87. Kranke B et al: Helicobacter pylori in acquired cold urticaria. Contact Dermatitis 44:57, 2001
88. Siebenhaar F et al: Peltier effect-based temperature challenge: An improved method for diagnosing cold urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 114:1224, 2004
89. Urano Y et al: An unusual reaction to cold: A sporadic case of familial polymorphous cold eruption? Br J Dermatol 139:504, 1998
90. Requena L: Normal subcutaneous fat, necrosis of adipocytes and classification of the panniculitides. Semin Cutan Med Surg 26:66, 2007
91. Quesada-Cortés A et al: Cold panniculitis. Dermatol Clin 26:485, 2008
92. Zeb A, Darmstadt GL: Sclerema neonatorum: A review of nomenclature, clinical presentation, histological features, differential diagnoses and management. J Perinatol 28:453, 2008
93. Battin M et al: Sclerema neonatorum following hypothermia. J Paediatr Child Health 38:533, 2002
94. Kellum RE et al: Sclerema neonatorum. Arch Dermatol 97:372, 1968
95. Fretzin DF, Arias AM: Sclerema neonatorum and subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. Pediatr Dermatol 4:112, 1987
96. Thomsen RJ: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn and idiopathic hypercalcemia. Arch Dermatol 116:1155, 1980
97. Davis MD et al: Natural history of erythromelalgia: Presentation and outcome in 168 patients. Arch Dermatol 136:330, 2000
98. Davis MD, Rooke T: Erythromelalgia. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 8:153, 2006
99. Dib-Hajj SD et al: Gain-of-function mutation in Nav 1.7 in familial erythromelalgia induces bursting of sensory neurons. Brain 128:1847, 2005
100. Drenth JP et al: SCN9A mutations define primary erythermalgia as a neuropathic disorder of voltage gated sodium channels. J Invest Dermatol 124:1333, 2005
101. Michiels JJ et al: Autosomal dominant erythermalgia associated with a novel mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit Nav 1.7. Arch Neurol 62:1587, 2005
102. Waxman SG, Dib-Haji S: Erythermalgia: Molecular basis for an inherited pain syndrome. Trends Mol Med 11:555, 2005
103. Han C et al: Sporadic onset of erythermalgia: A gin-of-function mutation in Nav 1.7. Ann Neurol 59:553, 2006
104. Galimberti D et al: A case of primary erythromelalgia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 23:1338, 2009
105. Han C et al: Early- and late-onset inherited erythromelalgia: Genotype-phenotype correlation. Brain 132:1711, 2009
106. Fischer TZ, Waxman SG: Familial pain syndromes from mutations of the Na 1.7 sodium channel. Ann NY Acad Sci 1184:196, 2010
107. Jang HS et al: A case of primary erythromelalgia improved by
mexiletine.
Br J Dermatol 151:708, 2004
108. DiCaudo DJ, Kelley LA: Alleviation of erythromelalgia with
venlafaxine.
Arch Dermatol 140:621, 2004
109. Sandroni P, Davis MD: Combination gel of 1%
amitriptyline and 0.5%
ketamine to treat refractory erythromelalgia pain: A new treatment option?
Arch Dermatol 142:283, 2006
110. Davis MD, Sandroni P:
Lidocaine patch for pain of erythromelalgia: Follow-up of 34 patients.
Arch Dermatol 141:1320, 2005
111. Nathan A et al: Primary erythromelalgia in a child responding to intravenous
lidocaine and oral
mexiletine treatment.
Pediatrics 115:504, 2005
112. Nakajima Y et al: Successful thracoscopic sympathectomy for primary erythromelalgia in he upper extremities. Jpn J Thorac Caridovasc Surg 52:524, 2004