Chapter 39. Bipolar Disorder

DSM-IV-TR Criteria for a Manic Episode

1. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary).

2. During the period of mood disturbance, three (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted (four if the mood is only irritable) and have been present to a significant degree:

   1. inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

   2. decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep)

   3. more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking

   4. flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing

   5. distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli)

   6. increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation

   7. excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments)

3. The symptoms do not meet criteria for a Mixed Episode.

(Reprinted, with permission, from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edn. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.)

DSM-IV-TR Criteria for a Hypomanic Episode

1. A distinct period of persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting throughout at least 4 days, that is clearly different from the usual nondepressed mood.

2. Same as B criterion for Manic Episode.

3. The episode is associated with an unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the person when not symptomatic.

4. The disturbance in mood and the change in functioning are observable by others.

5. The episode is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning, or to necessitate hospitalization, and there are no psychotic features.

6. The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication, or other treatment) or a general medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).

(Reprinted, with permission, from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edn. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.)

DSM-IV-TR Criteria for a Mixed Episode

1. The criteria are met both for a Manic Episode and for a Major Depressive Episode (except for duration) nearly every day during at least a 1-week period.

2. The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in occupational functioning or in usual social activities or relationships with others, or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features.

3. The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication, or other treatment) or a general medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).

(Reprinted, with permission, from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edn. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.)

DSM-IV-TR Criteria for Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic

1. Currently (or most recently) ...