Appendix: Normal Values of Metabolic Parameters and Tests of Endocrine Function

ACTH

8:00 AM

<18 pmol/L (<80 pg/mL)

Aldosterone

8:00 AM

<220 pmol/L (<8 ng/dL)

Potassium

3.5–5.0 mmol/L (3.5–5.0 mEq/L)

Angiotensin II

8:00 AM

10–30 nmol/L (10–30 pg/mL)

Arginine vasopressin

Random fluid intake

1.5–5.6 pmol/L (1.5–6 ng/L)

Plasma osmolarity

275–295 mOsmol/kg

Sodium

136–145 mmol/L (136–145 mEq/L)

Cortisol

8:00 AM

140–690 nmol/L (5–25 μg/dL)

4:00 PM

80–330 nmol/L (3–12 μg/dL)

DHEA

7–31 nmol/L (2–9 μg/L)

DHEAS

1.3–6.7 μmol/L (500–2500 μg/L)

17-Hydroxyprogesterone

Women

Follicular

0.6–3 nmol/L (0.20–1 μg/L)

Luteal

1.5–10.6 nmol/L (0.5–3.5 μg/L)

Men

0.2–9 nmol/L (0.06–3 μg/L)

Calcium

Serum

2.2–2.6 mmol/L (9–10.5 mg/dL)

Phosphorus

Inorganic

1.0–1.4 mmol/L (3–4.5 mg/dL)

Vitamin D

40–160 pmol/L (16–65 pg/mL)

Calcitonin

<50 ng/mL (<50 pg/mL)

Glucagon

50–100 ng/mL (50–100 pg/mL)

Insulin

Overnight fast

43–186 pmol/L (6–26 μU/mL)

Glucose

Overnight fast

4.2–6.4 mmol/L (75–115 mg/dL)

β-OH butyrate

<300 μmol/L (<3 mg/dL)

Lactate

Venous plasma

0.6–1.7 mmol/L (5–15 mg/dL)

Fatty acids

Free

180 mg/L (<18 mg/dL)

Androstenedione

Women

3.5–7.0 nmol/L (1–2 ng/mL)

Men

3.0–5.0 nmol/L (0.8–1.3 ng/mL)

Estradiol

Women

70–220 pmol/L (20–60 pg/mL)

Men

<180 pmol/L (50 pg/mL)

Progesterone

Women

Luteal peak

>16 nmol/L (75 ng/mL)

Men, prepubescent girls, postmenopausal women

<6 nmol/L (<2 ng/mL)

Testosterone

Women

<3.5 nmol/L (<1 ng/mL)

Men

10–35 nmol/L (3–10 ng/mL)

Prepubertal boys and girls

0.17–0.7 nmol/L (0.05–0.2 ng/mL)

FSH

Women (reproductive age)

5–20 IU/L (5–20 mIU/mL)

Ovulatory surge

12–30 IU/L (12–30 mIU/mL)

Postmenopausal women

12–30 IU/L (12–30 mIU/mL)

Mature men

5–20 IU/L (5–20 mIU/mL)

LH

Women (reproductive age)

5–25 IU/L (5–25 mIU/mL)

Ovulatory surge

25–100 IU/L (25–100 mIU/mL)

Postmenopausal women

>50 IU/L (>50 mIU/mL)

Mature men

5–20 IU/L (5–20 mIU/mL)

β-hCG

Men and nonpregnant women

<3 IU/L

Oxytocin

Random

1–4 pmol/L (1.25–5 pg/mL)

Ovulatory peak

4–8 pmol/L (5–10 ng/mL)

Prolactin

2–15 μg/L (2–15 ng/mL)

Growth hormone

Post 100 g glucose PO

<5 μg/L (<5 ng/mL)

TSH

0.4–5 mU/L (0.4–5 μU/mL

Thyroxine, total (T₄)

64–154 nmol/L (5–12 μg/dL)

Triiodothyronine (T₃)

1.1–2.9 nmol/L (70–190 ng/dL)

Reverse T₃

0.15–0.61 nmol/L (10–40 ng/dL)

Parathyroid hormone

Serum, N-terminal

1.58-6.9 pmol/L (14-65 pg/mL)

Aldosterone

14–53 nmol/d (5–19 μg/d)

Free cortisol

55–275 nmol/d (20–100 μg/d)

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids

5.5–28 μg/d (2–10 mg/d)

17-Ketosteroids

Men: 24–88 μmol/d (7–25 mg/d)

Women: 14–52 μmol/d (4–15 mg/d)

Free catecholamines

<590 nmol/d (<100 μg/d)

Epinephrine

<275 nmol/d (<50 μg/d)

Metanephrines

<7 μmol/d (<1.3 mg/d)

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

<40 μmol/d (<8 mg/d)