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Numerous infiltrative disorders may cause unilateral or bilateral parotid gland enlargement. Sjögren syndrome and sarcoidosis are examples of lymphoepithelial and granulomatous diseases that may affect the salivary glands. Metabolic disorders, including alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, and vitamin deficiencies, may also cause diffuse enlargement. Several medications have been associated with parotid enlargement, including thioureas, iodine, and medications with cholinergic effects (eg, phenothiazines), which stimulate salivary flow and cause more viscous saliva.