Acetaminophen | Serum | 10–20 mg/L | 6.616 | 66–132 mcmol/L | SST, plain red |
Panic: > 50 mg/L | Panic: > 331 mcmol/L |
Acetoacetate | Serum or urine | Negative (< 5 mg/dL) Toxic level: >100 mg/dL | 0.098 | Negative (< 0.49 mmol/L) Toxic level: > 9.8 mmol/L | SST or urine container |
Activated clotting time (ACT) | Whole blood | 70–180 seconds (method-specific) | | | Collect in a plastic syringe without anticoagulant |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Plasma | 9–52 pg/mL (laboratory-specific) | 0.22 | 2–11 pmol/L | Siliconized glass or plastic (lavender) |
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT, GPT) | Serum or plasma | 0–35 U/L (laboratory-specific) | 0.017 | 0–0.6 mckat/L (laboratory-specific) | SST, plain red, PPT (light green) |
Albumin | Serum or plasma | 3.4–4.7 g/dL | 10.00 | 34–47 g/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Albumin | Urine | < 30 mg/24 h; < 20 mcg/min (timed collection) Albumin/creatinine ratio: < 30 mg/g (spot urine) | | | Clean urine container |
Aldosterone | Serum | Salt-loaded (120 mEq Na+/d for 3–4 days): | 27.74 | | SST, plain red |
Supine: 3–10 ng/dL | | 83–277 pmol/L | |
Upright: 5–30 ng/dL | | 139–831 pmol/L | |
Salt-depleted (10 mEq Na+/d for 3–4 days): | | | |
Supine: 12–36 ng/dL | | 332–997 pmol/L | |
Upright: 17–137 ng/dL | | 471–3795 pmol/L | |
Urine | Salt-loaded (120 mEq Na+/d for 3–4 days): 1.5–12.5 mcg/24 h | 2.77 | 4.2–34.6 nmol/d | Urine bottle containing boric acid (must be refrigerated during collection) |
Salt-depleted (10 mEq Na+/d for 3–4 days): 18–85 mcg/24 h | | 49.9–235.5 nmol/d | |
Alkaline phosphatase | Serum or plasma | 41–133 U/L (method- and age-dependent) | 0.017 | 0.7–2.26 mckat/L (method- and age-dependent) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (tumor marker) | Serum | 0–15 ng/mL (age-dependent) | 1.00 | 0–15 mcg/L (age-dependent) | SST, plain red |
Ammonia (NH3) | Plasma | 18–60 mcg/dL | 0.587 | 11–35 mcmol/L | PPT (light green) (iced) |
Amylase | Serum or plasma | 20–110 U/L (laboratory-specific) | 0.02 | 0.4–2.2 mckat/L (laboratory-specific) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) | Serum | 12–35 U/L (method-dependent) | 16.67 | 200–583 nkat/L (method-dependent) | SST, plain red |
Antithrombin (AT) | Plasma | 84–123% (qualitative/activity) 80–130% (quantitative/antigen) | | | Blue |
Alpha-1-antitrypsin, Alpha-1-antiprotease | Serum or plasma | 110–270 mg/dL | 0.01 | 1.1–2.7 g/L | SST, PPT (green) |
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT, GOT) | Serum or plasma | 0–35 U/L (laboratory-specific) | 0.02 | 0–0.7 mckat/L (laboratory-specific) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Basophil count, absolute | Whole blood | 0.01–0.12 × 109/L | 1.00 | 0.01–0.12 × 109/L | Lavender |
bcr/abl, t(9;22) translocation by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), qualitative | Whole blood | Negative (Positive: chronic myeloid leukemia, some acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia) | | | Lavender |
Beta-hCG | Serum | Males and nonpregnant females: undetectable or < 5 mIU/mL | 1.00 | < 5 IU/L | SST, plain red |
Beta-2-microglobulin | Serum or plasma | < 0.2 mg/dL | 10 | < 2 mg/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Bilirubin | Serum or plasma | Total: 0.1–1.2 mg/dL | 17.10 | 2–21 mcmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Direct (conjugated to glucuronide): 0.1–0.5 mg/dL | | < 8 mcmol/L | |
Indirect (unconjugated): 0.1–0.7 mg/dL | | < 12 mcmol/L | |
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Serum or plasma | 8–20 mg/dL | 0.357 | 2.9–7.1 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) | Plasma | < 100 pg/mL | 1.0 | < 100 ng/L | Lavender |
C-peptide | Serum or plasma | 0.8–4.0 ng/mL | 0.331 | 0.27–1.33 nmol/L | SST or light green (iced and fasting) |
C-reactive protein, high sensitivity (hs-CRP) | Serum or plasma | Normal: < 0.8 mg/L | 9.52 | Normal: < 7.62 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Low risk: < 1.0 mg/L | Low risk: < 9.52 mmol/L |
Average risk: 1.0–3.0 mg/L | Average risk: 9.52–28.57 mmol/L |
High risk: > 3.0 mg/L | High risk: > 28.57 mmol/L |
(acute phase reactant) | |
C-telopeptide, beta-cross-linked (CTx) | Serum or plasma | Male: 60–850 pg/mL (age- and laboratory-specific) | 1.00 | Male: 60–850 ng/L (age- and laboratory-specific) | SST, plain red, PPT (light green), pink |
Female: premenopausal 60–650 pg/mL (age- and laboratory-specific) | Female: premenopausal 60–650 ng/L (age- and laboratory-specific) |
Female: postmenopausal 100–1000 pg/mL (age- and laboratory-specific) | Female: postmenopausal 100–1000 ng/L (age- and laboratory-specific) |
Calcitonin | Plasma or serum | Male: 0–8 pg/mL | 1.00 | Male: 0–8 ng/L | PPT (light green), SST |
Female: 0–6 pg/mL | | Female: 0–6 ng/L | |
Calcium (Ca2+) | Serum or plasma | 8.5–10.5 mg/dL | 0.25 | 2.1–2.6 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Panic: < 6.5 or > 13.5 mg/dL | Panic: < 1.63 or > 3.37 mmol/L |
Calcium (ionized) | Serum or whole blood | 4.6–5.3 mg/dL | 0.25 | 1.15–1.32 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) (anaerobic) |
Panic: < 3 or > 6.2 mg/dL | Panic: < 0.75 or > 1.55 mmol/L |
Calcium (UCa) | Urine | 100–300 mg/24 h | 0.025 | 2.5–7.5 mmol/24 h | Urine bottle containing hydrochloric acid |
Calreticulin pathogenic variants in gene (CALR) (mutations) | Whole blood | Negative (Positive: essential thrombocythemia [∼25%], primary myelofibrosis [∼35%], and refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis RARS-T [∼15%]) | | | Lavender |
Carbon dioxide, partial pressure (Pco2) | Whole blood | 32–48 mm Hg | 0.13 | 4.26–6.38 kPa | Heparinized syringe (iced) |
Carbon dioxide (CO2), total (bicarbonate) | Serum or plasma | 22–32 mEq/L | 1.00 | 22–32 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Panic: < 15 or > 40 mEq/L | Panic: < 15 or > 40 mmol/L |
Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) | Whole blood | < 2% of total hemoglobin (Hb) (nonsmokers); | 0.01 | < 0.02 fraction of total hemoglobin | Heparinized syringe or green |
< 9% of total hemoglobin (Hb) (smokers) | < 0.09 fraction of total hemoglobin |
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | Serum | 0–5 ng/mL | 1.00 | 0–5 mcg/L | SST |
Catecholamines | Urine | Norepinephrine: 15–80 mcg/24 h | 5.91 | 89–473 nmol/24 h | Urine container with hydrochloride acid |
Epinephrine: 0–20 mcg/24 h | 5.46 | 0–109 nmol/24 h |
Dopamine: 65–400 mcg/24 h | 6.53 | 425–2610 nmol/24 h |
CD4 T-cell count | Whole blood | 0.36–1.73 x109/L | 1.00 | 0.36–1.73 × 109/L | Lavender (order T-cell subsets and a CBC with differential) |
Ceruloplasmin | Serum or plasma | 20–50 mg/dL (laboratory-specific) (acute phase reactant) | 10.00 | 200–500 mg/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Chloride (Cl–) | Serum or plasma | 101–112 mEq/L | 1.00 | 101–112 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Cholesterol, total | Serum or plasma | Desirable: < 200 mg/dL | 0.0259 | Desirable: < 6.0 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Borderline: 200–240 mg/dL | Borderline: 6.0–7.2 mmol/L | (fasting required) |
High risk: > 240 mg/dL | High risk: > 7.2 mmol/L | |
Complement C3 | Serum | 64–166 mg/dL | 10.00 | 640–1660 mg/L | SST |
Complement C4 | Serum | 15–45 mg/dL | 10.00 | 150–450 mg/L | SST |
Complement CH50 | Serum | 30–75 U/mL (laboratory-specific) | | | Plain red |
Cortisol | Serum or plasma | 8:00 am: 5–20 mcg/dL | 27.59 | 140–550 nmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Cortisol (urinary free) | Urine | 10–110 mcg/24 h | 2.76 | 27.6–303.6 nmol/24 h | Urine bottle containing boric acid |
Creatine kinase (CK) | Serum or plasma | 32–267 U/L (method-dependent) | 0.02 | 0.53–4.45 mckat/L (method-dependent) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Creatine kinase MB (CKMB) | Serum or plasma | < 16 U/L or < 4% of total CK (laboratory-specific) Mass units: 0–7 mcg/L | 0.04 | < 0.27 mckat/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Creatinine (Cr) | Serum or plasma | 0.6–1.2 mg/dL | 88.4 | 50–100 mcmol/L | SST, PPT (green) |
Creatinine clearance (CrCl) | See Collection column | Adults: 90–140 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area (BSA) | 0.0167 | 1.5–2.3 mL/s/1.73 m2 BSA | Carefully timed 24-hour urine and simultaneous serum or plasma creatinine sample |
C-telopeptide, beta-cross-linked (CTX-beta) | Serum | Adult male: 60–850 pg/mL | | | SST, plain red |
Adult female: premenopausal 60–650 pg/mL (age- and laboratory-specific) |
Adult female: postmenopausal 100–1010 pg/mL (age- and laboratory-specific) |
Cystatin C | Serum or plasma | 0.5–1.3 mg/L | | | SST, red, PPT (light green) |
D-dimer, quantitative | Plasma | < 500 ng/mL (age-dependent) | 1.00 | < 500 mcg/L | Blue |
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) | Serum or plasma | Male: 40–500 mcg/dL | 10.00 | Male: 400–5000 mcg/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Female: 20–320 mcg/dL | Female: 200–3200 mcg/L |
Eosinophil count, absolute | Whole blood | 0.04–0.5 × 109/L | 1.00 | 0.04–0.5 × 109/L | Lavender |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | Whole blood | Male: < 10 mm/h Female: < 15 mm/h (laboratory-specific) | | Same | Lavender (test must be run within 2 hours), black |
Erythropoietin (EPO) | Serum or plasma | 5–30 mU/mL | 1.00 | 5–30 U/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Estradiol (E2) | Serum or plasma | Early follicular: 30–100 pg/mL (laboratory-specific) | 3.671 | 110–367 pmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Late follicular: 100–400 pg/mL (laboratory-specific) | 367–1468 pmol/L |
Luteal: 50–150 pg/mL (laboratory-specific) | 183–550 pmol/L |
Postmenopausal: 2–21 pg/mL (laboratory-specific) | 7–77 pmol/L |
Estrogens, total | Serum | Follicular: 60–200 pg/mL | 1.00 | 60–200 ng/L | SST, plain red |
Luteal: 160–400 pg/mL | 160–400 ng/L |
Postmenopausal: < 130 pg/mL | < 130 ng/L |
Ethanol | Serum or plasma | 0 mg/dL Legal definition of “driving under the influence” in many states is defined as a blood alcohol level of > 80 mg/dL (> 17 mmol/L); serum levels are 10–35% higher than whole blood alcohol levels | 0.217 | 0 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Factor VIII activity assay | Plasma | 50–150% of normal (varies with age) | | | Blue (iced) |
Fecal fat | Stool | Random: < 60 droplets of fat per high-power field | | | Qualitative: Random stool sample |
72–hour: < 7 g/24 h | Quantitative: 72-hour collection following 2-day high dietary fat intake |
Ferritin | Serum or plasma | Male: 30–500 ng/mL (acute phase reactant) | 2.247 | Male: 67–1120 pmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Female: 12–300 ng/mL (acute phase reactant) | Female: 27–675 pmol/L |
Fibrinogen (functional) | Plasma | 175–433 mg/dL (acute phase reactant) | 0.0294 | 5.15–12.73 mcmol/L | Blue |
Panic: < 75 mg/dL | Panic: < 2.2 mcmol/L |
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Serum or plasma | Female: | 1.00 | Female: | SST, PPT (light green) |
Follicular phase 4–13 mU/mL | | 4–13 U/L | |
Luteal phase 2–13 mU/mL | | 2–13 U/L | |
Midcycle 5–22 mU/mL | | 5–22 U/L | |
Postmenopausal 30–138 mU/mL | 1.00 | 30–138 U/L | |
Male: 1–10 mU/mL | | Male: 1–10 U/L | |
(laboratory-specific) | | (laboratory-specific) | |
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) | Whole blood | < 35 mcg/dL (method-dependent) | | | Lavender |
Fructosamine | Serum or plasma | 160–270 mcmol/L | 1.0 | 160–270 mcmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) | Serum | < 22 ng/mL (laboratory-specific) Patients with heart failure (HF): Low risk: < 17.8 ng/mL; Intermediate risk: 17.9–25.9 ng/mL; High risk: > 25.9 ng/mL | | | SST, plain red |
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) | Serum or plasma | 9–85 U/L (laboratory-specific) | 0.017 | 0.15–1.42 mckat/L (laboratory-specific) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Gastrin | Serum | < 100 pg/mL (laboratory-specific) | 1.00 | < 100 ng/L (laboratory-specific) | SST |
Glomerular filtration rate, estimated (eGFR) | Serum or plasma | > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (calculated based on creatinine and/or cystatin C level) Creatinine and/or cystatin C based eGFR calculation equation without the race variable is recommended | | | SST, PPT (light green) |
Glucagon | Plasma | 20−100 pg/mL | 1.00 | 20–100 ng/L | Lavender |
Glucose | Serum or plasma | 60–110 mg/dL | 0.0555 | 3.33–6.11 mmol/L | (Fasting) SST, PPT (light green), gray |
Panic: < 40 or > 400 mg/dL | Panic: < 2.22 or > 22.20 mmol/L |
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) screen | Whole blood | 5–14 U/g Hb | 0.02 | 0.1–0.28 mckat/L | Lavender |
Glutamine | CSF | 6–15 mg/dL | 68.42 | 411–1028 mcmol/L | Collect CSF in a plastic tube |
Panic: > 40 mg/dL | Panic: > 2737 mcmol/L |
Glycated (glycosylated) hemoglobin (HbA1c) | Whole blood | 3.9–5.6% (method-dependent) | | | Lavender, pink |
Growth hormone (GH) | Serum or plasma | 0–5 ng/mL | 1.00 | 0–5 mcg/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Haptoglobin | Serum or plasma | 46–316 mg/dL (acute phase reactant; also used in evaluation of hemolysis) | 0.01 | 0.5–3.2 g/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | Serum or plasma | Male: 27–67 mg/dL | 0.0259 | 0.7–1.73 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) (fasting) |
Female: 34–88 mg/dL | 0.88–2.28 mmol/L |
(HDL cholesterol > 60 mg/dL is thought to lower risk of coronary heart disease) | |
Hematocrit (Hct) | Whole blood | Male: 39–49% | 0.01 | Male: 0.39–0.49 | Lavender, pink |
Female: 35–45% (age-dependent) | Female: 0.35–0.45 |
Hemoglobin A1c (See Glycated hemoglobin) | Whole blood | 4.0–5.6% (method-dependent) | (A1c% –2.15) × 10.93 | 20–38 mmol/mol | Lavender, pink |
Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) | Whole blood | 1.5–3.5% of total hemoglobin | 0.01 | 0.015–0.035 | Lavender |
Hemoglobin electrophoresis | Whole blood | HbA: > 95% HbA2: 1.5–3.5% HbF: < 2% (age-dependent) | | | Lavender |
Hemoglobin, total (Hb) | Whole blood | Male: 13.6–17.5 g/dL | 10.00 | Male: 136–175 g/L | Lavender |
Female: 12.0–15.5 g/dL (age-dependent) | Female: 120–155 g/L (age-dependent) |
Panic: ≤ 7 g/dL | Panic: ≤ 70 g/L |
Heparin-associated antibody (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) | Serum | Negative | | | SST |
Heparin anti-Xa assay, chromogenic | Plasma | Therapeutic ranges: | | | Blue |
UFH: 0.30–0.70 U/mL |
LMWH: 0.50–1.10 U/mL (twice-daily dose) or 1.1–2.0 U/mL (once-daily dose) |
Fondaparinux: 0.6–1.5 U/mL |
HIV screening | Serum or plasma | EIA: Negative Antibody and p24 antigen combination assay: Negative | | | SST, PPT (light green), lavender |
HIV RNA, quantitative (viral load) | Plasma | Negative (or < 40 copies/mL, assay-specific) | | | Lavender, PPT (light green) |
Homocysteine | Serum or plasma | 4.5–12 mg/dL (method- and age-dependent) | 7.397 | 33.29–88.76 mcmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) | Urine | 2–8 mg/24 h | 5.23 | 10–40 mcmol/d | Urine bottle containing hydrochloric acid |
IgG index | Serum and CSF | 0.29–0.69 ratio (CSF:serum ratio) | | | SST or plain red (for serum) and glass or plastic tube (for CSF) |
Immunoglobulins (Ig) | Serum | IgA: 78–367 mg/dL | 0.01 | IgA: 0.78–3.67 g/L | SST |
IgG: 583–1761 mg/dL | IgG: 5.83–17.6 g/L |
IgM: 52–335 mg/dL | IgM: 0.52–3.35 g/L |
Insulin, immunoreactive | Serum or plasma | 6–35 mcU/mL (laboratory-specific) | 6.945 | 42–243 pmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Insulin-like growth factor-1 | Serum | 123–463 ng/mL (age- and sex-dependent) | 1.0 | 123–463 mcg/L | SST, plain red |
Iron (Fe) | Serum or plasma | 50–175 mcg/dL | 0.179 | 9–31 mcmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Iron-binding capacity, total (TIBC) | Serum or plasma | 250–460 mcg/dL | 0.179 | 45–82 mcmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
JAK2 pathogenic variants (mutations) (V617F or exon 12/13 variant), qualitative | Whole blood | Negative (Positive: myeloproliferative neoplasms, ie, polycythemia vera [95%], essential thrombocythemia [70%], and primary myelofibrosis [60%]) | | | Lavender |
Kappa and lambda free light chains, quantitative (serum free light chain [FLC] assay) | Serum | Free kappa: 0.57–2.63 mg/dL Free lambda: 0.33–1.94 mg/dL Free kappa/lambda ratio: 0.26–1.65 | 0.01 | 5.7–26.3 × 10–3 g/L 3.3–19.4 × 10–3 g/L | SST, plain red |
Ketone bodies | Serum or plasma | Qualitative: Negative Quantitative: < 10 mg/dL | 10.0 | < 100 mg/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) | Serum or plasma | 88–230 U/L (laboratory-specific) | 0.02 | 1.46–3.82 mckat/L (laboratory-specific) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Lactic acid (lactate) | Venous blood | 0.5–2.0 mEq/L | 1.00 | 0.5–2.0 mmol/L | Gray (iced) |
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (calculated or direct) | Serum or plasma | Desirable: < 130 mg/dL (< 99 mg/dL for patients with CHD) | 0.0259 | < 3.37 mmol/L (< 2.57 mmol/L) | SST, PPT (light green) (fasting) |
Borderline: 130–159 mg/dL | 3.38–4.13 mmol/L | |
High risk: ≥ 160 mg/dL | > 4.16 mmol/L | |
Lead (Pb) | Whole blood | Child: < 25 mcg/dL | 0.0483 | Child: < 1.21 mcmol/L | Dark blue (trace metal free) |
Adult: < 40 mcg/dL | | Adult: < 1.93 mcmol/L | |
Leukocyte (WBC) count, total (WBC count) | Whole blood | 4.8–10.8 × 109/L | 1.00 | 4.8–10.8 × 109/L | Lavender |
| | Panic: < 1.5 × 109/L | | Panic: < 1.5 × 109/L | |
Lipase | Serum or plasma | 0–160 U/L (laboratory-specific) | 0.02 | 0–2.66 mckat/L (laboratory-specific) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Luteinizing hormone (LH) | Serum or plasma | Female: | 1.00 | Female: | SST, PPT (light green) |
Follicular phase 1–18 mU/mL | 1–18 U/L |
Luteal phase 0.4–20 mU/mL | 0.4–20 U/L |
Midcycle 24–105 mU/mL | 24–105 U/L |
Postmenopausal 15–62 mU/mL | 15–62 U/L |
Male: 1–10 mU/mL (laboratory-specific) | Male: 1–10 U/L (laboratory-specific) |
Lymphocyte count, absolute | Whole blood | 0.8–3.5 × 109/L | 1.00 | 0.8–3.5 × 109/L | Lavender |
Magnesium (Mg2+) | Serum or plasma | 1.8–3.0 mg/dL | 0.411 | 0.75–1.25 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Panic: < 0.5 or > 4.5 mg/dL | Panic: < 0.2 or > 1.85 mmol/L |
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) | Whole blood | 27–34 pg | 1.00 | 27–34 pg | Lavender |
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) | Whole blood | 31–36 g/dL | 10.00 | 310–360 g/L | Lavender |
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) | Whole blood | 80–100 fL | 1.00 | 80–-100 fL | Lavender |
Metanephrines, free | Plasma | Normetanephrine: < 0.9 nmol/L | | | Lavender |
Metanephrine: < 0.5 nmol/L |
Metanephrines, fractionated | Urine (24-hour collection) | Metanephrine: 60–200 mcg/24 h | | | Urine bottle containing boric acid or acetic acid |
Normetanephrine: 120–510 mcg/24 h (age-dependent) |
Methemoglobin (MetHb) | Whole blood | < 1.5% of total hemoglobin | 0.01 | < 0.015 fraction of total hemoglobin | Blood gas syringe, lavender or green for total Hb |
Methylmalonic acid | Serum or plasma | 0–47 mcg/L | 8.475 | 0–0.4 mcmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Monocyte count, absolute | Whole blood | 0.2–0.8 × 109/L | 1.00 | 0.2–0.8 × 109/L | Lavender |
Neutrophil count, absolute (ANC) | Whole blood | 2.0–8.6 × 109/L | 1.00 | 2.0–8.6 × 109/L | Lavender |
Panic: < 0.5 × 109/L | Panic: < 0.5 × 109/L |
Osmolality | Serum or plasma | 275–293 mOsm/kg H2O | 1.00 | 275–293 mmol/kg H2O | SST, PPT (light green) |
Panic: < 240 or > 320 mOsm/kg H2O | | Panic: < 240 or > 320 mmol/kg H2O | |
Urine | Random: 100–900 mOsm/kg H2O | 1.00 | Random: 100–900 mmol/kg H2O | Urine container |
Osteocalcin | Serum or plasma | Child or adolescent (age 7–17 years): 25–300 ng/mL | 1.00 | Child or adolescent (age 7–17 years): 25–300 mcg/L | SST, red, lavender, PPT (light green) |
Adult: 10–15 ng/mL | Adult: 10–15 mcg/L |
Oxygen, partial pressure (Po2) | Whole blood | 83–108 mm Hg | 0.13 | 11.04–14.36 kPa | Heparinized syringe (iced) |
Panic: < 50 mm Hg (arterial) | | Panic: < 6.5 kPa (arterial) | |
Pancreatic elastase, fecal | Formed stool | > 200 mcg/g | | | Leak-proof container (freeze immediately) |
Pancreatic polypeptide | Serum or plasma | < 430 pg/mL (age-dependent and laboratory-specific) | | | SST, red or lavender (fasting sample, iced) |
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), intact | Serum or plasma | Intact PTH: 11–54 pg/mL (laboratory-specific) | 0.11 | Intact PTH: 1.2–5.7 pmol/L (laboratory-specific) | Red, SST, PPT (light green) |
Partial thromboplastin time, activated (PTT) | Plasma | 25–35 seconds (reference interval varies) | | | Blue |
Panic: ≥ 60 seconds, or >100 seconds for unfractionated heparin monitoring |
pH | Whole blood | Arterial: 7.35–7.45 | | | Heparinized syringe (iced) |
Venous: 7.31–7.41 |
Panic: ≤ 7.25 or ≥ 7.60 |
Phosphorus | Serum or plasma | 2.5–4.5 mg/dL | 0.323 | 0.8–1.45 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Panic: < 1.0 mg/dL | | Panic: < 0.32 mmol/L | |
Plasminogen | Plasma | 70–113% (activity) | 1.00 | 70–113% | Blue |
Platelet count (Plt) | Whole blood | 150–450 × 109/L | 1.0 | 150–450 × 109/L | Lavender |
Panic: < 25 × 109/L | Panic: < 25 × 109/L |
Platelet-associated IgG | Plasma or serum | Negative | | | Lavender, PPT, SST |
Platelet function test (PFA-100 closure time) (CEPI: collagen/epinephrine cartridge; CADP: collagen/ADP cartridge) | Whole blood | CEPI: 70–170 seconds (laboratory-specific) CADP: 50–110 seconds (laboratory-specific) | 1.0 | CEPI: 70–170 seconds (laboratory-specific) CADP: 50–110 seconds (laboratory-specific) | Blue |
Porphobilinogen (PBG) | Urine | Negative (ie, < 8.8 mmol/L or < 11 mmol/24 h) | | | Protect from light |
Potassium (K+) | Serum or plasma | 3.5–5.0 mEq/L | 1.00 | 3.5–5.0 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Panic: < 3.0 or > 6.0 mEq/L | | Panic: < 3.0 or > 6.0 mmol/L | |
Procalcitonin (PCT) | Serum or plasma | < 0.10 ng/mL (< 0.25 ng/mL in chronic kidney failure) | 1.00 | < 0.10 mcg/L (< 0.25 mcg/L in chronic kidney failure) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Procollagen type 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP) | Serum | 20–100 ng/mL (age- and sex-dependent) | 1.00 | 20–100 mcg/L (age- and sex-dependent) | SST, plain red |
Prolactin (PRL) | Serum or plasma | < 20 ng/mL | 1.00 | < 20 mcg/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) | Serum or plasma | 0–4 ng/mL | 1.00 | 0–4 mcg/L | SST, red, PPT (light green) |
Protein C | Plasma | 70–170% (functional) 60–150% (antigenic) | | | Blue |
Protein electrophoresis | Serum | Adult: | 10.00 | | SST, red |
Albumin: 3.3–4.7 g/dL | 33–47 g/L |
α1: 0.1–0.4 g/dL | 1–4 g/L |
α2: 0.3–0.9 g/dL | 3–9 g/L |
β: 0.7–1.5 g/dL | 7–15 g/L |
γ: 0.5–1.4 g/dL (polyclonal) | 5–14 g/L (polyclonal) |
Protein S (antigen) | Plasma | 55–155% | | | Blue |
Protein, total | Serum or plasma | 6.0–8.0 g/dL | 10.00 | 60–80 g/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Prothrombin time (PT) | Plasma | 11–15 seconds | | | Blue |
Panic: ≥ 30 seconds (laboratory-specific) |
Red blood cell count (RBC) | Whole blood | Male: 4.3–6.1 × 1012/L | 1.00 | 4.3–6.1 × 1012/L | Lavender |
Female: 3.5–5.5 × 1012/L | 3.5–5.5 × 1012/L |
Renin activity | Plasma | High-sodium diet (75–150 mEq Na+/d): Supine: 0.2–2.3 ng/mL/h Standing: 0.6–3.0 ng/mL/h | | | Lavender |
Low-sodium diet (30–75 mEq Na+/day): Standing: 3.0–15.0 ng/mL/h | | | |
Reticulocyte count | Whole blood | 25–125 × 109/L | 1.00 | 25–125 × 109/L | Lavender |
Rheumatoid factor (RF) | Serum | Negative (ie, < 1:16) | | | SST, red |
Russell viper venom clotting time (dilute) (RVVT) | Plasma | 24–37 seconds | | | Blue |
Salicylate (aspirin) | Serum | 200–300 mg/L | 0.00724 | 1.45–2.17 mmol/L | Plain red |
Panic: > 350 mg/L | | Panic: > 2.53 mmol/L | |
SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR or antigen) | Swab-VTM or saliva | Negative (Positive: symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 acute infection) | | | Tube with VTM |
SARS-CoV-2 antibody (anti-nucleocapsid IgM and/or IgG; anti-spike IgM and/or IgG) | Serum or plasma | Negative (Positive: acute and convalescent COVID-19 infection; status post–COVID-19 vaccination; antibody profile is vaccine-specific) | | | SST, PPT (light green) |
Sodium (Na+) | Serum or plasma | 135–145 mEq/L | 1.00 | 135–145 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Panic: < 125 or > 155 mEq/L | | Panic: < 125 or > 155 mmol/L | |
Somatostatin | Plasma | < 25 pg/mL (laboratory-specific) | 0.611 | < 15.28 pmol/L (laboratory-specific) | Lavender, PPT (white) |
Testosterone | Serum or plasma | Male: 175–781 ng/dL | 0.0347 | Male: 6–27 nmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Female: 10–75 ng/dL | Female: 0.3–2.6 nmol/L |
Thyroglobulin | Serum or plasma | 3–42 ng/mL | 1.00 | 3–42 mcg/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | Serum or plasma | 0.35–3.0 mcU/mL | 1.00 | 0.35–3.0 mUs/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Panic: > 50 mcU/mL | | Panic: > 50 mU/L | |
Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TSH-R Ab [stim]) | Serum | Negative (ie, < 130% of basal activity; based on cAMP generation in thyroid cell tissue culture | | | SST, red |
Thyroxine, free (FT4) | Serum or plasma | 0.7–1.86 ng/dL | 12.87 | 9–24 pmol/L (varies with method) | SST, PPT (light green) |
Thyroxine (T4), total | Serum or plasma | 5–11 mcg/dL | 12.87 | 64–142 nmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Transferrin | Serum or plasma | 190–375 mg/dL | 0.01 | 1.9–3.75 g/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Transferrin, carbohydrate-deficient (CDT) | Serum | < 1.3% method-dependent | | | SST, red |
Transferrin receptor, soluble (sTfR) | Serum or plasma | 2.2–5 mg/L 1.9–4.4 mg/L (laboratory-specific) | | | SST, PPT (light green) |
Triglycerides | Serum or plasma | < 165 mg/dL | 0.0113 | < 1.8 mmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) (fasting) |
Triiodothyronine (T3), total | Serum or plasma | 95–190 ng/dL | 0.0154 | 1.5–2.9 nmol/L | Red, SST, PPT (light green) |
Troponin-I (cTnI) | Plasma or serum | < 0.05 ng/mL (method-dependent) | 1.0 | < 0.05 mcg/L (method- dependent) | Lavender, SST, red |
Uric acid | Serum or plasma | Male: 2.4–7.4 mg/dL | 59.48 | Male: 140–440 mcmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Female: 1.4–5.8 mg/dL | Female: 80–350 mcmol/L |
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) | Urine | 2–7 mg/24 h (< 15 mg/g creatinine, random urine) | 5.05 | 10–35 mcmol/d | Urine bottle containing acetic or hydrochloric acid |
Vitamin B12 | Serum or plasma | 170–820 pg/mL | 0.738 | 125–600 pmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Vitamin D, 25-hydroxy (25[OH]D) | Serum or plasma | 20–50 ng/mL | 2.496 | 50–125 nmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
Vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy (1,25[OH]2D) | Serum or plasma | 20–76 pg/mL | 2.6 | 48–182 pmol/L | SST, PPT (light green) |
von Willebrand factor (vWF) | Plasma | 50–180% (activity and antigen) (acute phase reactant) | | | Blue |
White blood cell count | Whole blood | 4.8–10.8 × 109/L | 1.00 | 4.8–10.8 × 109/L | Lavender |
Panic: < 1.5 × 109/L | Panic: < 1.5 × 109/L |