Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + Download Section PDF Listen ++ For further information, see CMDT Part 29-20: Vitamin E Deficiency + Key Features Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Most commonly results from Severe malabsorption (eg, cystic fibrosis) Abetalipoproteinemia (genetic disorder) Chronic cholestatic liver disease (including biliary atresia) + Clinical Findings Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Areflexia Disturbances of gait Decreased vibration and proprioception Ophthalmoplegia + Diagnosis Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Plasma vitamin E level below normal range of 0.5–0.7 mg/dL + Treatment Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Vitamin E supplementation, although optimum therapeutic dose has not been clearly defined Large doses, often administered parenterally, can be used to improve the neurologic complications seen in abetalipoproteinemia and cholestatic liver disease Several trials of supplemental vitamin E have shown slower cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease Vitamin E supplementation may also provide benefit in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Supplemental vitamin E has no benefit in preventing cardiovascular disease or cancer