Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + Download Section PDF Listen ++ For further information, see CMDT Part 33-40: Chlamydia trachomatis Infections + Key Features Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Chlamydia trachomatis immunotypes D–K are isolated in about 50% of cases of nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis by appropriate techniques Coinfection with gonococci is common Postgonococcal (ie, chlamydial) urethritis may persist after successful treatment of the gonococcus Long-term sequelae may include ectopic pregnancy and infertility + Clinical Findings Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Urethritis and occasionally epididymitis, prostatitis, or proctitis Females may be asymptomatic or may have symptoms and signs of cervicitis, salpingitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease + Diagnosis Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ The urethral or cervical discharge due to C trachomatis tends to be less painful and less purulent than gonococcal infection Sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification tests permit diagnosis of both chlamydia infection and gonorrhea on a vaginal swab or urine sample Urine testing does not exclude infection at other sites, such as rectal or pharyngeal disease + Treatment Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Sexual partners of infected patients should also be treated Presumptively administered therapy still indicated in some cases A single oral 1-g dose of azithromycin is effective for uncomplicated urethritis and cervicitis and has the advantage of improved patient compliance and minimal toxicity Doxycycline, 100 mg twice daily for 7 days, or levofloxacin, 500 mg once daily for 7 days; however, both are contraindicated in pregnancy