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For further information, see CMDT Part 26-07: Thyroiditis
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Essentials of Diagnosis
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General Considerations
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Autoimmune (Hashimoto) thyroiditis
Antithyroid antibodies in US adolescents and adults found in
Subacute thyroiditis accounts for 5% of clinical thyroid disease
Riedel thyroiditis usually affects middle-aged or elderly women
40% of women and 20% of men exhibit focal thyroiditis at autopsy
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Autoimmune (Hashimoto) thyroiditis
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Thyroid gland usually diffusely enlarged, firm, and finely nodular
One lobe may be asymmetrically enlarged, raising concern for neoplasm
Neck tightness; pain and tenderness not usually present
The thyroid is fibrotic and atrophic in about 10% of cases, particularly in older women
Mild dry mouth (xerostomia) or dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) related to Sjögren syndrome in ~33%
Diplopia due to coexistent myasthenia gravis
Manifestations of other autoimmune diseases listed above
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Painful subacute thyroiditis
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Acute, usually painful, thyroid enlargement, with dysphagia
Pain may radiate to ears
Low-grade fever and fatigue
If no pain, called ...