Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) | Induction combination chemotherapy (Philadelphia chromosome-positive): Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin/daunorubicin, dexamethasone (hyper-CVAD) alternating with cytarabine, methotrexate; add imatinib or dasatinib or nilotinib Induction combination chemotherapy (Philadelphia chromosome–negative): Daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, pegaspargase, cyclophosphamide; or hyper-CVAD) alternating with methotrexate and cytarabine Maintenance chemotherapy: Methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, prednisone |
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) | Induction combination chemotherapy: Cytarabine with daunorubicin or idarubicin, Alternative chemotherapy for ≥ 60 years old: Azacitidine, decitabine, or low-dose cytarabine with or without venetoclax; or Glasdegib plus cytarabine; or Ivosidenib (IDH1 mutation); or Enasidenib (IDH2 mutation) |
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) | Nilotinib or Dasatinib or Imatinib or Bosutinib |
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) | Combination chemotherapy: Venetoclax, obinutuzumab Single-agent chemotherapy: Ibrutinib |
Hairy cell leukemia | Cladribine or pentostatin |
Hodgkin lymphoma | Combination chemotherapy: Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD), or Bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone (BEACOPP) |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (intermediate and high grade) | Combination chemotherapy: Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, rituximab (CHOP-R), or Etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituximab (dose-adjusted R-EPOCH) (for double-/triple-hit) |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (low grade) | Combination chemotherapy: Bendamustine plus obinutuzumab or rituximab, or Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone, rituximab (CHOP-R), or Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, rituximab (CVP-R), or Lenalidomide, rituximab |
Plasma cell myeloma | Combination chemotherapy (transplant candidates): Bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, or Bortezomib, dexamethasone, lenalidomide Followed by autologous or mini-allogeneic stem cell transplantation Combination chemotherapy (non-transplant candidates): Bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone, or Daratumumab, lenalidomide, dexamethasone, or Lenalidomide, dexamethasone, or Bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone |
Waldenström macroglobulinemia | Plasmapheresis alone or followed by combination chemotherapy: Bortezomib, dexamethasone, rituximab, or Cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, rituximab, or Bendamustine, rituximab |
Polycythemia vera | Phlebotomy or hydroxyurea or aspirin |
Non–small cell lung cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, vinorelbine, or Cisplatin, etoposide, or Paclitaxel, carboplatin, or Cisplatin, gemcitabine or docetaxel (squamous histology), or Cisplatin, pemetrexed (nonsquamous histology), or Carboplatin, albumin-bound paclitaxel, or Dabrafenib/trametinib (BRAF V600F mutation), or Pembrolizumab; carboplatin or cisplatin/pemetrexed/pembrolizumab (nonsquamous); carboplatin/paclitaxel/bevacizumab/atezolizumab (nonsquamous); carboplatin/paclitaxel or albumin-bound paclitaxel/pembrolizumab (squamous) (PD-L1 expression) Single-agent chemotherapy: Erlotinib, gefitinib, osimertinib, afatinib or dacomitinib (EGFR mutation positive) Crizotinib, alectinib, ceritinib, or brigatinib (ALK mutation positive) Ceritinib, crizotinib, or entrectinib (ROS1 rearrangement) Larotrectinib or entrectinib (NTRK gene fusion positive) |
Small cell lung cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, etoposide, or Carboplatin, etoposide, or Carboplatin, etoposide, atezolizumab |
Mesothelioma | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin or carboplatin, pemetrexed, with or without bevacizumab or Gemcitabine, cisplatin Single-agent chemotherapy: Pemetrexed or vinorelbine |
Head and neck cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or Paclitaxel, carboplatin, or Docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or Cisplatin or cetuximab with radiation therapy, or Cisplatin or carboplatin/5-fluorouracil/cetuximab, or Pembrolizumab (PD-L1 expression), or Pembrolizumab/cisplatin or carboplatin/5-fluorouracil |
Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine, or Paclitaxel, carboplatin, or Oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine, or Add trastuzumab for HER2-overexpressing metastatic adenocarcinoma |
Uterine cancer | Hormone therapy: Progestins, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, or fulvestrant, or Combination chemotherapy: Carboplatin, paclitaxel Carboplatin, paclitaxel, trastuzumab (HER2 positive) |
Ovarian cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Paclitaxel, carboplatin with or without bevacizumab, or Carboplatin, liposomal doxorubicin, or Docetaxel, carboplatin, or Paclitaxel, cisplatin |
Cervical cancer | With radiation: Cisplatin or carboplatin Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin or carboplatin, paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab, or Cisplatin, topotecan, or Topotecan, paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab |
Breast cancer | Adjuvant hormone therapy: Premenopausal: Tamoxifen Postmenopausal: Aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane) Adjuvant chemotherapy (without trastuzumab): Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, or Docetaxel, cyclophosphamide Adjuvant chemotherapy (HER2 positive): Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab, or Docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab or Paclitaxel plus trastuzumab |
Choriocarcinoma (trophoblastic neoplasms) | Single-agent chemotherapy: Methotrexate or dactinomycin for low-risk disease Combination chemotherapy: Etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine (EMA-CO) for high-risk disease |
Testicular cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, etoposide (EP), or Bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEP), or Etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, cisplatin (VIP) |
Kidney (renal cell) cancer | Clear cell histology: Axitinib plus pembrolizumab, ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pazopanib, sunitinib, or cabozantinib Non–clear cell histology: Sunitinib |
Bladder cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Gemcitabine, cisplatin, or Methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin (MVAC), or Atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, or gemcitabine plus carboplatin (cisplatin ineligible) |
Prostate cancer | Hormone therapy: Luteinizing hormone–releasing agonist (leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, histrelin), or degarelix with or without an antiandrogen (flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide) or abiraterone Chemotherapy: Docetaxel, prednisone, cabazitaxel |
Brain cancer (anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme) | Single-agent chemotherapy with radiation therapy: Temozolomide |
Neuroblastoma | Combination chemotherapy: Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide |
Thyroid cancer | Single-agent chemotherapy: Radioiodine (131I) or sorafenib, lenvatinib, vandetanib (medullary thyroid cancer) or cabozantinib (medullary thyroid cancer) Combination chemotherapy: Paclitaxel/carboplatin or docetaxel/doxorubicin (anaplastic carcinoma) |
Adrenal cancer | Mitotane |
Stomach (gastric) cancer | Combination chemotherapy: 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel (perioperative) 5-Fluorouracil or capecitabine oxaliplatin or cisplatin or paclitaxel Trastuzumab added for HER2-overexpressing adenocarcinomas |
Pancreatic cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, or 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX), or Gemcitabine, capecitabine, or Gemcitabine, cisplatin (for BRCA1/2 or PALB2 mutation) Single-agent chemotherapy: Gemcitabine, capecitabine, or 5-fluorouracil |
Colon cancer | Combination chemotherapy: 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) with or without bevacizumab, or Capecitabine, oxaliplatin (CapeOx) with or without bevacizumab, or 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with or without bevacizumab Cetuximab or panitumumab added to FOLFOX or FOLFIRI for KRAS/NRAS/BRAF wild-type and left-sided tumors Single-agent chemotherapy: Capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin |
Rectal cancer | Chemotherapy with radiation: 5-Fluorouracil or capecitabine For adjuvant treatment, same regimens used with colon cancer |
Anal cancer | Combination chemotherapy with radiation: 5-Fluorouracil or capecitabine with mitomycin |
Carcinoid | Octreotide LAR with or without telotristat or lanreotide, or everolimus |
Osteosarcoma | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, doxorubicin, or Methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin (MAP) |
Soft tissue sarcomas | Combination chemotherapy: Doxorubicin, dacarbazine (AD), or Doxorubicin, ifosfamide, mesna (AIM), or Mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine (MAID), or Ifosfamide, epirubicin, mesna, or Gemcitabine and docetaxel, vinorelbine, or dacarbazine Single-agent chemotherapy: Imatinib or sunitinib or regorafenib (gastrointestinal stromal tumors) |
Melanoma | Pembrolizumab, nivolumab or nivolumab/ipilimumab (non-BRAF mutation) Combination chemotherapy: (BRAF mutation): Dabrafenib/trametinib or vemurafenib/cobimetinib or encorafenib/binimetinib Single-agent chemotherapy: (BRAF mutation): Vemurafenib or dabrafenib |
Hepatocellular cancer | Sorafenib or lenvatinib |
Kaposi sarcoma | Liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel |