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Niacin Deficiency

For further information, see CMDT Part 29-12: Niacin Deficiency

Key Features

  • Most commonly results from alcoholism and nutrient–drug interactions

  • Can also occur in inborn errors of metabolism

  • Manifestations are nonspecific

Clinical Findings

  • Common complaints

    • Anorexia

    • Weakness

    • Irritability

    • Mouth soreness

    • Glossitis

    • Stomatitis

    • Weight loss

  • More advanced deficiency results in the classic triad of pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

  • Advanced pellagra can result in death

Diagnosis

  • Diagnosis of pellagra is made clinically

  • Niacin can be measured in serum or plasma; adult reference range is 0.50–8.45 mcg/mL

Treatment

  • Niacin, usually given as nicotinamide, 10–150 mg orally once daily

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