Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + Download Section PDF Listen ++ For further information, see CMDT Part 32-03: Other Neurotropic Viruses + Key Features Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Arenavirus infection of CNS Main reservoir is house mouse, but other animals may harbor virus Virus is spread from animal to human by infected oronasal secretions, urine, or feces Person-to-person spread is rare + Clinical Findings Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Symptoms are biphasic with a prodromal phase followed by a meningeal phase Fever, chills, headache, myalgia, cough, and vomiting, occasionally with lymphadenopathy and maculopapular rash in prodromal phase Headache, vomiting, lethargy, and variably present meningeal signs in the meningeal phase Obstructive hydrocephalus is a rare but serious complication Arthralgias can develop late + Diagnosis Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Leukocytosis or leukopenia Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytic pleocytosis common Complement-fixing antibodies appear during second week of infection and may aid in diagnosis + Treatment Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ No specific antiviral therapy Supportive measures