Diminished absorption or intake Malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, laxative abuse Proton pump inhibitors Prolonged gastrointestinal suction Small bowel bypass Malnutrition Alcoholism Total parenteral alimentation with inadequate Mg2+ content Increased renal loss Diuretic therapy (loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics) Hyperaldosteronism, Gitelman syndrome Hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism Hypercalcemia Volume expansion Tubulointerstitial diseases Transplant kidney Drugs (aminoglycoside, cetuximab, cisplatin, amphotericin B, pentamidine) Others Diabetes mellitus Post-parathyroidectomy (hungry bone syndrome) Respiratory alkalosis Pregnancy |