Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + Download Section PDF Listen ++ For further information, see CMDT Part 32-10: Enteroviruses that Produce Several Syndromes + Key Features Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Pathogen mainly affects small children although disease can also occur in older adults Cases are spread worldwide There are 19 recognized genotypes + Clinical Findings Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Gastrointestinal and respiratory illness Otitis Neonatal sepsis Fever without a detectable source Gastroenteritis Flaccid paralysis Myalgias (which may be epidemic) Diffuse maculopapular and palmar-plantar rashes Aseptic meningitis Intracranial hemorrhage Seizures Pericarditis Acute disseminated encephalitis + Diagnosis Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) helps determine the viral cause of neonatal sepsis or central nervous system (CNS) symptoms in children younger than 5 years Stool and nasopharyngeal samples Cerebrospinal fluid samples for CNS-related infections + Treatment Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Supportive Intravenous immunoglobulin was anecdotally successful in one case of parechovirus dilated cardiomyopathy