Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + Download Section PDF Listen ++ For further information, see CMDT Part 22-14: Nephritic Spectrum Glomerular Diseases + Key Features Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Infection-related glomerulonephritis are entities resulting in glomerular injury during active infection Postinfectious glomerulonephritis commonly appears after pharyngitis or impetigo with onset 1–3 weeks after infection (average 7–10 days) Bacterial causes Bacteremic states (especially with Staphylococcus aureus) Bacterial pneumonias Deep-seated abscesses Gram-negative infections Infective endocarditis Shunt infections Viral, fungal, and parasitic causes Hepatitis B or C HIV Cytomegalovirus infection Infectious mononucleosis Coccidioidomycosis Malaria Mycobacteria Syphilis Toxoplasmosis + Clinical Findings Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Disease presentation can vary widely across the nephritic spectrum from asymptomatic glomerular hematuria (especially in epidemic cases) with minimal change in kidney function, to nephritic syndrome with hypertension, edema, and perhaps gross glomerular hematuria (smoky-colored urine) The most severe cases may result in oliguric AKI requiring dialysis + Diagnosis Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Serum complement levels are low Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titers sometimes high 24-h urine protein < 3.5 g/day Kidney biopsy Light microscopy shows diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis Immunofluorescence demonstrates granular deposition of IgG and C3 in the mesangium and along the capillary basement membrane Electron microscopy shows large, dense subepithelial deposits or "humps" + Treatment Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Supportive measures Antibiotics, as indicated for infection Antihypertensive medications Salt restriction Diuretics Corticosteroids have been tried in severe cases but have not been shown to improve outcomes