Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + Download Section PDF Listen ++ For further information, see CMDT Part 7-13: Cataract + Key Features Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Lens opacity (may be grossly visible) Usually occurs bilaterally Age-related cataract is the most common type Most persons older than 60 have some degree of lens opacity Multivitamin/mineral supplements and high dietary antioxidants may prevent the development of age-related cataract Other causes Congenital infections or inborn errors of metabolism Secondary to systemic disease (diabetes mellitus, myotonic dystrophy, atopic dermatitis) Drugs (eg, topical, systemic, or inhaled corticosteroids [long-term]) Uveitis Radiation exposure Ocular trauma + Clinical Findings Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Gradually progressive blurred vision No pain or redness + Diagnosis Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Even in its early stages, a cataract can be seen through a dilated pupil with an ophthalmoscope or slit lamp As the cataract progresses, retinal visualization becomes increasingly difficult + Treatment Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ When visual impairment significantly affects daily activities, surgical therapy is usually warranted Treatment involves surgical removal and insertion of an intraocular lens of appropriate refractive power Floppy iris syndrome Risk is increased in patients taking alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists (eg, tamsulosin [highest risk], alfuzosin, doxazosin, silodosin, or terazosin) There is no consensus on whether to stop alpha-blockers before surgery because the effects of the drug on the iris can persist for months to years The surgeon must know if the patient is taking an alpha-blocker to prepare for iris issues during surgery If the patient has not yet started an alpha-blocker and is planning to have cataract surgery shortly, it is best to wait until after surgery to begin the medication, if possible