Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content + Download Section PDF Listen ++ For further information, see CMDT Part 33-31: Anaerobic Infections + Key Features Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Anaerobic bacteremia usually originates from the Gastrointestinal tract Oropharynx Pressure injuries Female genital tract Endocarditis resulting from anaerobic and microaerophilic streptococci and bacteroides (rare) originates from the same sites + Clinical Findings Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Related to site of original and metastatic infection + Diagnosis Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Culture of blood and affected tissues + Treatment Download Section PDF Listen +++ ++ Most cases of anaerobic or microaerophilic streptococcal endocarditis can be effectively treated with 12–20 million units of penicillin G intravenously daily for 4–6 weeks However, optimal therapy for other types of anaerobic bacterial endocarditis must rely on laboratory guidance Metronidazole, 500 mg every 8 hours intravenously, should be used if Bacteroides species is identified