| Allopurinol (Xyloprim) | Prevent hyperuricemia from tumor lysis syndrome | 600–800 mg/day orally | Acute: none Delayed: rash |
| Dexrazoxane (Zinecard) | Prevent cardiomyopathy secondary to doxorubicin; anthracycline-induced injection site extravasation | 10 times the doxorubicin dose intravenously before doxorubicin; 1000 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 2, then 500 mg/m2 intravenously on day 3 | Acute: nausea Delayed: myelosuppression, elevated transaminases |
| Leucovorin | Rescue after high-dose methotrexate; in combination with 5-fluorouracil for colon cancer | 10 mg/m2 intravenously or orally every 6 hours; 20 mg/m2 or 200–500 mg/m2 intravenously before 5-fluorouracil; various doses | Acute: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Delayed: stomatitis, fatigue |
| Levoleucovorin (Fusilev) | Rescue after high-dose methotrexate; in combination with 5-fluorouracil for colon cancer | 7.5 mg intravenously every 6 hours for 10 doses; 100 mg/m2 intravenously before 5-fluorouracil | Acute: nausea, vomiting Delayed: stomatitis, diarrhea |
| Mesna (Mesnex) | Prevent ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis | 20% of ifosfamide dose intravenously at 0, 4, and 8 hours; various doses | Acute: nausea, vomiting Delayed: fatigue |
| Palifermin (Kepivance) | Prevent mucositis following chemotherapy | 60 mcg/kg/day intravenously for 3 days before and 3 days after chemotherapy | Acute: none Delayed: rash, fever, elevated serum amylase, erythema, edema |
| Amifostine (Ethyol) | Prevent cisplatin nephropathy; prevent radiation-induced xerostomia | 910 mg/m2 intravenously before cisplatin; 200 mg/m2 intravenously before radiation | Acute: nausea, vomiting, hypotension, infusion-related reaction Delayed: hypocalcemia |
| Pilocarpine (Salagen) | Radiation-induced xerostomia | 5–10 mg orally three times a day | Acute: flushing, sweating, nausea, dizziness Delayed: increased urinary frequency, rhinitis |
| Radium (Ra)-223 dichloride (Xofigo) | Symptomatic bone metastases | 50 kilobecquerel/kg (1.35 microCurie/kg) intravenously every 4 weeks for 6 cycles | Acute: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, peripheral edema Delayed: myelosuppression |
| Rasburicase (Elitek) | Prevent hyperuricemia from tumor lysis syndrome | 3–6 mg intravenously once | Acute: hypersensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache Delayed: rash, peripheral edema |
| Samarium (Sm)-153 (Quadramet) | Symptomatic bone metastasis | 1 milliCurie/kg intravenously | Acute: pain flare Delayed: myelosuppression |
| Strontium (Sr)-89 (Metastron) | Symptomatic bone metastasis | 148 megabecquerels (4 milliCuries) intravenously; or 1.5–2.2 megabecquerels/kg (40–60 microCuries/kg) | Acute: bone pain Delayed: myelosuppression |
Bone-Modifying Agents |
| Denosumab (Xgeva) | Osteolytic bone metastasis | 120 mg ... |