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CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS & AMPULLA OF VATER
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Hyperglycemia and decreases in subcutaneous abdominal fat and serum lipid levels have been reported to precede a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Molecular testing results, which increasingly influence the treatment regimen choice for esophageal cancer, include PD L1 expression, mismatch repair/microsatellite instability and, for adenocarcinomas, HER2 amplification testing as well as a next generation sequencing panel.
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MALIGNANCIES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
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For small intestinal carcinoids, patients with grade 1 disease may not require treatment for many years even with metastatic disease. However, patients with grade 3 neuroendocrine tumor may have a clinical course similar to a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma.
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Meta-analyses suggest that individuals with increased physical activity are up to 27% less likely to develop colon cancer. Also, for each increase of 5 kg/m2 in BMI, there is a 5% increased cancer risk.
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Colonoscopy should be considered in all nonmenstruating adults with new-onset iron deficiency anemia.