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Chapter 20: Learning & Memory
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Short-term working memory mainly involves which brain region(s)?
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A. Only the prefrontal cortex (PFC)
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B. Only the posterior parietal cortex and temporal cortex
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D. The PFC, posterior parietal cortex, and temporal cortex
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E. All regions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
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D. A combination of human functional imaging studies and research in rodents has demonstrated that short-term working memory involves specific regions in the prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and temporal cortex.
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The hippocampus is required for the formation of new _________ memories.
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A. semantic, episodic, and spatial
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C. declarative and nondeclarative
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D. procedural and spatial
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A. Human studies (eg, patient H.M. and others) have demonstrated that the hippocampus is required for semantic and episodic (together with declarative or explicit) and spatial memory. Encoding of implicit/nondeclarative and short-term memory involves other brain regions.
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The majority of long-term explicit memories are thought to be stored in many
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A. structures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL).
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B. regions of the hippocampus.
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C. parts of the basal ganglia.
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D. domains of the cerebellum.
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E. areas of the cerebral cortex.
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E. Although encoding and formation of new declarative/explicit memories require the hippocampus, studies in rodents suggest that memories are transferred from the hippocampus to the cerebral cortex following encoding and learning over a period of days to weeks to months. Human studies also suggest that some episodic memories, especially autobiographical memories, are either stored in the hippocampus or require the hippocampus for retrieval.
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Long-term potentiation (LTP) is thought to be a neuronal mechanism involved in
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B. short-term working memory.
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D. only hippocampal-dependent memory.
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E. all types of memory: sensory, short-term, and long-term.
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C. Sensory memory involves very short-lived enhancement of synaptic transmission, whereas short-term working memory involves increased circuit ...