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Chapter 36. Arteries
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Arterial occlusive disease
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A. Occurs predominantly due to congenital abnormalities or anatomical anomalies
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B. Includes disease caused by atherosclerotic plaques, which typically develop at arterial branch points of high shear stress
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C. Is masked by collateral arterial circulation that typically has a lower resistance than the original unobstructed artery
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D. Typically occurs with at least a 50% reduction in arterial diameter, which correlates with a 75% narrowing of cross-sectional area
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E. Causes symptoms due to high pressure proximal to stenosis
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The correct answer is D. Typically occurs with at least a 50% reduction in arterial diameter, which correlates with a 75% narrowing of cross-sectional area
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Intermittent claudication characteristics include all of the following except
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A. “Cramping” in a muscle
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B. Deep-seated ache in the calf
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C. Can be associated with walking
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D. Pain occurring at rest
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E. Has a low rate of major limb loss
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The correct answer is D. Pain occuring at rest
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Acute lower limb ischemia
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A. Usually is caused by increased muscular demand for blood flow in the distribution of an occluded artery
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B. Can be caused by a major arterial dissection
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C. Causes the five Ps: pain, petechiae, pulselessness, paresthesias, paralysis
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D. Is generally best managed by initial observation to allow recruitment of collaterals
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E. Threatens skin loss before muscle or nerve damage
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The correct answer is B. Can be caused by a major arterial dissection
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A. Should not be performed when the carotid artery is completely occluded
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B. Has not been shown to be beneficial for any patients in prevention of ipsilateral stroke
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C. Is performed through a catheter placed in the ipsilateral femoral artery
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D. Carries a 30% risk of transient cranial nerve injury
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E. Has a restenosis rate of 35% at 5 years
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The correct answer is A. Should not be performed ...