| Sulfonylureas |
| Acetohexamide (Dymelor) (not available in United States) | 250 and 500 mg | 0.25–1.5 g as single dose or in two divided doses | 8–24 hours |
| Chlorpropamide (Diabinese) | 100 and 250 mg | 0.1–0.5 g as single dose | 24–72 hours |
| Gliclazide (not available in United States) | 80 mg | 40–80 mg as single dose; 160–320 mg as divided dose | 12 hours |
| Glimepiride (Amaryl) | 1, 2, and 4 mg | 1–4 mg once a day is usual dose; 8 mg once a day is maximal dose | Up to 24 hours |
| Glipizide | | | |
| (Glucotrol) | 5 and 10 mg | 2.5–40 mg as a single dose or in two divided doses 30 minutes before meals | 6–12 hours |
| (Glucotrol XL) | 2.5, 5, and 10 mg | 2.5 to 10 mg once a day is usual dose; 20 mg once a day is maximal dose | Up to 24 hours |
| Glyburide | | | |
| (Dia Beta, Micronase) | 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg | 1.25–20 mg as single dose or in two divided doses | Up to 24 hours |
| (Glynase) | 1.5, 3, and 6 mg | 1.5–12 mg as single dose or in two divided doses | Up to 24 hours |
| Tolazamide (Tolinase) | 100, 250, and 500 mg | 0.1–1 g as single dose or in two divided doses | Up to 24 hours |
| Tolbutamide (Orinase) | 250 and 500 mg | 0.5–2 g in two or three divided doses | 6–24 hours |
| Meglitinide Analogs |
| Mitiglinide (available in Japan) | 5 and 10 mg | 5 or 10 mg three times a day before meals | 2 hours |
| Repaglinide (Prandin) | 0.5, 1, and 2 mg | 0.5 to 4 mg three times a day before meals | 3 hours |
| D-Phenylalanine Derivative |
| Nateglinide (Starlix) | 60 and 120 mg | 60 or 120 mg three times a day before meals | 4 hours |
| Biguanides |
| Metformin (Glucophage) | 500, 850, and 1000 mg | 1–2.5 g; 1 tablet with meals two or three times daily | 4 hours |
| Metformin, extended release (Glucophage XR) | 500, 750, and 1000 mg | 500–2000 mg once a day | Up to 24 hours |
| Thiazolidinediones |
| Pioglitazone (Actos) | 15, 30, and 45 mg | 15–45 mg daily | Up to 24 hours |
| Rosiglitazone (Avandia) | 2, 4, and 8 mg | 4–8 mg daily (can be divided) | Up to 24 hours |
| Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors |
| Acarbose (Precose) | 25, 50, and 100 mg | 25–100 mg three times a day just before meals | 4 hours |
| Miglitol (Glyset) | 25, 50, and 100 mg | 25–100 mg three times a day just before meals | 4 hours |
| Voglibose (not available in United States) | 0.2 and 0.3 mg | 0.2–0.3 mg three times a day just before meals | 4 hours |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonists |
| Dulaglutide (Trulicity) | 0.75-, 1.5-mg single-dose pen or prefilled syringe | 0.75 mg subcutaneously once weekly. Dose can be increased to 1.5 mg if necessary. | 1 week |
| Exenatide (Byetta) | 1.2 mL and 2.4 mL prefilled pens delivering 5 mcg and 10 mcg doses | 5 mcg subcutaneously twice a day within 1 hour of breakfast and dinner. Increase to 10 mcg subcutaneously twice a day after about a month AVOID if CrCl < 30 mL/min | 6 hours |
| Exenatide, long-acting release (Byetta LAR, Bydureon) | 2 mg (powder) | Suspend in provided diluent and inject subcutaneously. | 1 week |
| Liraglutide (Victoza) | Prefilled, multi-dose pen that delivers doses of 0.6 mg, 1.2 mg, or 1.8 mg | 0.6 mg subcutaneously once a day (starting dose). Increase to 1.2 mg after a week if no adverse reactions. Dose can be further increased to 1.8 mg, if necessary. | 24 hours |
| Lixisenatide (Adlyxin, Lyxumia) | 3-mL prefilled pens delivering 10- or 20-mcg doses | 10 mcg daily. Increase to 20 mcg daily after 2 weeks. | 24 hours |
| Semaglutide (Ozempic) | Prefilled pens delivering 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg; and 1 mg | 0.25 mg weekly for 1 month and increase to 0.5 mg weekly if no adverse reactions. Dose can be further increased to 1 mg weekly | 1 week |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors |
| Alogliptin (Nesina) | 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg | 25 mg once daily; CrCl 30–59 mL/min: 12.5 mg daily; CrCl < 30 mL/min: 6.25 mg daily. | 24 hours |
| Linagliptin (Tradjenta) | 5 mg | 5 mg daily | 24 hours |
| Saxagliptin (Onglyza) | 2.5 and 5 mg | 2.5 mg or 5 mg once daily. CrCl ≤ 50 mL/min or if also taking drugs that are strong CYP3A4/5 inhibitors such as ketoconazole: 2.5 mg daily. | 24 hours |
| Sitagliptin (Januvia) | 25, 50, and 100 mg | 100 mg once daily; CrCl 30–50 mL/min: 50 mg once daily; CrCl < 30 mL/min: 25 mg once daily | 24 hours |
| Vildagliptin (Galvus) (not available in United States) | 50 mg | 50 mg once or twice daily. AVOID if CrCl ≤ 60 mL/min or AST/ALT three times upper limit of normal | 24 hours |
| SGLT2 Inhibitors |
| Canagliflozin (Invokana) | 100 and 300 mg | 100 mg daily is usual dose. 300-mg dose can be used if normal eGFR, resulting in lowering the HbA1c an additional ~ 0.1–0.25%. AVOID if eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.72 m2. | 24 hours |
| Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) | 5 and 10 mg | 10 mg daily. | 24 hours |
| Empagliflozin (Jardiance) | 10 and 25 mg | 10 mg daily. 25-mg dose can be used if necessary. | 24 hours |
| Ertugliflozin (Steglatro) | 5 and 15 mg | 5 mg daily. 15 mg dose can be used if necessary | 24 hours |
| Others |
| Bromocriptine (Cycloset) | 0.8 mg | 0.8 mg daily. Increase weekly by 1 tablet until maximal tolerated dose of 1.6–4.8 mg daily. | 24 hours |
| Colesevelam (Welchol) | 625 mg | 3 tablets twice a day | 24 hours |
| Pramlintide (Symlin) | 5-mL vial containing 0.6 mg/mL; also available as prefilled pens. Symlin pen 60 or Symlin pen 120 (subcutaneous injection) | For insulin-treated type 2 patients, start at 60-mcg dose three times a day (10 units on U100 insulin syringe). Increase to 120 mcg three times a day (20 units on U100 insulin syringe) if no nausea for 3–7 days. Give immediately before meal. For type 1 patients, start at 15 mcg three times a day (2.5 units on U100 insulin syringe) and increase by increments of 15 mcg to a maximum of 60 mcg three times a day, as tolerated. To avoid hypoglycemia, lower insulin dose by 50% on initiation of therapy. | 2 hours |