Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) | Induction combination chemotherapy: Vincristine, prednisone, daunorubicin, asparaginase, intrathecal methotrexate Consolidation combination chemotherapy: Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone (hyper-CVAD) alternated with cytarabine, methotrexate Maintenance chemotherapy: Methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine Philadelphia chromosome–positive ALL: Add imatinib or dasatinib or nilotinib to above regimen | Blinatumomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, tisagenlecleucel, liposomal vincristine, clofarabine, nelarabine (T-cell ALL), nilotinib, bosutinib, ponatinib (Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL), autologous or allogeneic transplantation for high risk or at relapse |
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) | Combination chemotherapy: Cytarabine, daunorubicin or Cytarabine, idarubicin or Cytarabine, daunomycin, cladribine | Mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, fludarabine, 5-azacytidine, decitabine, clofarabine, midostaurin (FLT3 mutation +), gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CD33+), enasidenib (IDH2 mutation), venetoclax, glasdegib, ivosidenib (IDH1 mutation), cladribine, gilteritinib (FLT3 mutation) |
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) | Nilotinib or Dasatinib or Imatinib mesylate | Ponatinib, bosutinib, omacetaxine, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation |
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) | Combination chemotherapy: Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab (FCR) or Bendamustine, rituximab Single-agent chemotherapy: Ibrutinib or obinutuzumab or ofatumumab or chlorambucil | Alemtuzumab, idelalisib, venetoclax, lenalidomide, duvelisib, acalabrutinib, pentostatin, cladribine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone |
Hairy cell leukemia | Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine) | Pentostatin, rituximab, interferon-alpha, vemurafenib, ibrutinib, moxetumomab pasudotox |
Hodgkin lymphoma (stages III and IV) | Combination chemotherapy: Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD), or Doxorubicin, vinblastine, mechlorethamine, etoposide, vincristine, bleomycin, prednisone (Stanford V), or Bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone (BEACOPP) | Combination chemotherapy second line: Dexamethasone, cisplatin, cytarabine (DHAP), or Etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine, cisplatin (ESHAP), or Ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide (ICE), or Mesna, ifosfamide, mitoxantrone, etoposide (MIME); stem cell transplantation for high risk or first relapse Brentuximab vedotin, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, bendumustine, everolimus |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (intermediate and high grade) | Combination chemotherapy: Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, rituximab (CHOP-R), or Etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituximab (dose-adjusted R-EPOCH) (for double rearrangements) | Combination chemotherapy second line: Dexamethasone, cisplatin, cytarabine (DHAP), or Etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine, cisplatin (ESHAP), or Ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide (ICE), or Mesna, ifosfamide, mitoxantrone, etoposide (MIME); transplantation for high risk or first relapse |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (low grade) | Combination chemotherapy: Bendamustine, rituximab, or Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone, rituximab (CHOP-R), or Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, rituximab (CVP-R), or Lenalidomide, rituximab | Chlorambucil, fludarabine, copanlisib, duvelisib, obinutuzumab, 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan, idelalisib, ibrutinib, belinostat (T-cell lymphoma), autologous or allogeneic transplantation |
Plasma cell myeloma | Combination chemotherapy (transplant candidates): Bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, or Bortezomib, dexamethasone, lenalidomide, or Dexamethasone, lenalidomide, or Ixazomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone, or Carfilzomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone Followed by autologous or miniallogeneic stem cell transplantation Combination chemotherapy (non-transplant candidates): Lenalidomide, dexamethasone, or Melphalan, prednisone, bortezomib, or Melphalan, prednisone, lenalidomide, or Melphalan, prednisone, thalidomide | Liposomal doxorubicin, pomalidomide, panobinostat, elotuzumab, daratumumab |
Waldenström macroglobulinemia | Plasmapheresis alone or followed by combination chemotherapy: Bortezomib, dexamethasone, rituximab Cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, rituximab Ibrutinib with or without rituximab Bendamustine, rituximab | Cladribine, ofatumumab, carfilzomib, fludarabine, everolimus, autologous bone marrow transplantation |
Polycythemia vera | Phlebotomy, hydroxyurea, aspirin | Ruxolitinib, radiophosphorus 32P, interferon-alpha |
Non–small cell lung cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, vinorelbine, or Cisplatin, etoposide, or Paclitaxel, carboplatin, or Cisplatin, gemcitabine (squamous histology) Cisplatin, pemetrexed (nonsquamous histology) All regimens with or without bevacizumab Erlotinib, gefitinib, osimertinib or afatinib or dacomitinib (EGFR mutation positive), or Crizotinib, alectinib, ceritinib, brigatinib (ALK mutation positive) Certitinib, crizotinib (ROS1 rearrangement) Dabrafenib/trametinib (BRAF V600F mutation) Pembrolizumab (PD-L1 expression) | Docetaxel, cetuximab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, necitumumab, ramucirumab, cabozantinib (RET rearrangement), trastuzumab, afatinib (HER2 mutation positive), alectinib, brigatinib, ceritinib (ALK rearrangement), lorlatinib (ROS1 rearrangement) |
Small cell lung cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, etoposide, or Carboplatin, etoposide, or Cisplatin, irinotecan or carboplatin, etoposide, atezolizumab | Irinotecan, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, topotecan, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, bendamustine, temozolomide, nivolumab, ipilimumab |
Mesothelioma | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, pemetrexed, bevacizumab or Carboplatin, pemetrexed, with or without bevacizumab or Gemcitabine, cisplatin | Vinorelbine, nivolumab with or without ipilimumab, pembrolizumab |
Head and neck cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, fluorouracil, or Paclitaxel, carboplatin, or Docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil, or Cisplatin or cetuximab with radiation therapy | Methotrexate, afatinib, pembrolizumab, nivolumab |
Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, fluorouracil, or Paclitaxel, carboplatin, or Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, or Docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil | Irinotecan, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, epirubicin, docetaxel, trastuzumab, ramucirumab (esophagogastric junction cancer), pembrolizumab |
Uterine cancer | Hormone therapy: Progestins, tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, fulvestrant or Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, doxorubicin, or Docetaxel, carboplatin, or Carboplatin, paclitaxel Carboplatin, paclitaxel, trastuzumab (HER2 positive) | Liposomal doxorubicin, bevacizumab, topotecan, temsirolimus, pembrolizumab (MSI-H/dMMR) |
Ovarian cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Paclitaxel, carboplatin with or without bevacizumab, or Docetaxel, carboplatin, or Paclitaxel, cisplatin | Gemcitabine, liposomal doxorubicin, topotecan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, pemetrexed, olaparib, pazopanib, rucaparib, niraparib, pembrolizumab (MSI-H/dMMR) |
Cervical cancer | With radiation: Cisplatin Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab, or Cisplatin, topotecan, or Carboplatin, paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab, or Cisplatin, gemcitabine, or Topotecan, paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab | Docetaxel, ifosfamide, vinorelbine, irinotecan, mitomycin, fluorouracil, pemetrexed, bevacizumab, pembrolizumab (PD-L1+ or MSI-H/dMMR) |
Breast cancer | Adjuvant hormone therapy: Premenopausal: Tamoxifen Postmenopausal: Aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozol, exemestane) Adjuvant chemotherapy (without trastuzumab): Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, or Docetaxel, cyclophosphamide, or Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, or Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel Adjuvant chemotherapy (with trastuzumab): Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab, or Docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab | Eribulin, capecitabine, mitoxantrone, cisplatin, etoposide, vinblastine, fluorouracil, ixabepilone, pertuzumab, gemcitabine, lapatinib, toremifene, fulvestrant, palbociclib, raloxifene, abemaciclib, ribociclib, olaparib |
Choriocarcinoma (trophoblastic neoplasms) | Single-agent chemotherapy: Methotrexate or dactinomycin for low-risk disease Combination chemotherapy: Etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine (EMA-CO) for high-risk disease | Paclitaxel, cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin, ifosfamide, gemcitabine, pembrolizumab, nivolumab |
Testicular cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, etoposide (EP), or Bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEP), or Etoposide, mesna, ifosfamide, cisplatin (VIP) | Vinblastine, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin Pembrolizumab (MSI-H/dMMR+) |
Kidney (renal cell) cancer | Clear cell histology Pazopanib or sunitinib or ipilimumab and nivolumab or cabozantinib Non–clear cell histology Sunitinib, cabozantinib, everolimus | Interferon-alpha 2b, high-dose IL-2, axitinib, temsirolimus, bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib, erlotonib, lenvatinib |
Bladder cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Gemcitabine, cisplatin, or Methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin (MVAC), or Cisplatin, methotrexate, vinblastine (CMV) | Atezolizumab, carboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, fluorouracil, pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab |
Prostate cancer | Hormone therapy: Luteinizing hormone–releasing agonist (leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, histrelin, degarelix) with or without an antiandrogen (flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide) Chemotherapy: Docetaxel, prednisone | Ketoconazole, abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, mitoxantrone, cabazitaxel, pembrolizumab (MSI-H or dMMR), sipuleucel-T, prednisone, radium (Ra)-223 |
Brain cancer (anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme) | Single-agent chemotherapy with radiation therapy: Temozolomide | Bevacizumab, irinotecan, procarbazine, carmustine, lomustine, cyclophosphamide, etoposide |
Neuroblastoma | Combination chemotherapy: Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide | Vincristine, topotecan, irinotecan, ifosfamide, carboplatin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 131I-MIBG, dinutuximab, autologous or allogeneic transplantation |
Thyroid cancer | Single-agent chemotherapy: Radioiodine (131I) or sorafenib, lenvatinib, vandetanib (medullary thyroid cancer) or cabozantinib (medullary thyroid cancer) Combination chemotherapy: Paclitaxel/carboplatin or docetaxel/doxorubicin (anaplastic carcinoma) | Sunitinib, pazopanib, doxorubicin, dacarbazine |
Adrenal cancer | Single-agent chemotherapy: Mitotane | Doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin |
Stomach (gastric) cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Epirubicin, cisplatin, fluorouracil, or Docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil, or Cisplatin, fluorouracil, Fluorouracil, oxaliplatin Trastuzumab added for HER2-overexpressing adenocarcinomas | Capecitabine, irinotecan, paclitaxel, ramucirumab, pembrolizumab (MSI-H or dMMR tumors) |
Pancreatic cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, or 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) Single-agent chemotherapy: Gemcitabine | Gemcitabine, capecitabine 5-Fluorouracil, leucovorin, nanoliposomal irinotecan 5-Fluorouracil, folinic acid, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) Pembrolizumab (MSI-H or dMMR or PD-LI positive tumors) Capecitabine |
Colon cancer | Combination chemotherapy: Fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), or Capecitabine, oxaliplatin (CapeOx), or Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan (FOLFIRI) each regimen with or without bevacizumab | Cetuximab, panitumumab, regorafenib, ziv-aflibercept, trifluridine/tipiracil, nivolumab, +/- ipilimumab or pembrolizumab (dMMR/MSI-H) |
Rectal cancer | Chemotherapy with radiation: Fluorouracil or capecitabine; For adjuvant or advanced disease treatment, same regimens used with colon cancer | Cetuximab, panitumumab, regorafenib, ziv-aflibercept, trifluridine/tipiracil, nivolumab or pembrolizumab (dMMR/MSI-H) |
Anal cancer | Combination chemotherapy with radiation: Fluorouracil, mitomycin or capecitabine, mitomycin | Cisplatin, nivolumab, pembrolizumab |
Carcinoid | Octreotide LAR +/- telotristat or lanreotide | Everolimus, sunitinib, 177Lu-dotable (if somatostatin receptor positive imaging) |
Osteogenic sarcoma | Combination chemotherapy: Cisplatin, doxorubicin, or Methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin (MAP), or Ifosfamide, cisplatin, epirubicin | Cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, docetaxel, etoposide, sorafenib, radium (Ra)-233, samarium (Sm)-153 (lexidronam)-ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphate (EDTMP), topotecan, pembrolizumab (MSI-H or dMMR tumors) |
Soft tissue sarcomas | Combination chemotherapy: Doxorubicin, dacarbazine (AD), or Doxorubicin, ifosfamide, mesna (AIM), or Mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine (MAID), or Doxorubicin, olaratumab Single-agent chemotherapy: Eribulin, pazopanib; imatinib or sunitinib or regorafenib (gastrointestinal stromal tumors) | Liposomal doxorubicin, methotrexate, gemcitabine, docetaxel, temozolomide, epirubicin, pazopanib, eribulin, trabectedin; sorafenib, nilotinib, dasatinib, pazopanib, regorafenib, everolimus (gastrointestinal stromal tumors) |
Melanoma | Combination chemotherapy (non-BRAF mutation): nivolumab/ipilimumab Combination chemotherapy (BRAF mutation): dabrafenib/trametinib or vemurafenib/cobimetinib or encorafenib/binimetinib Single-agent chemotherapy (non-BRAF mutation): pembrolizumab or nivolumab Single-agent chemotherapy (BRAF mutation): vemurafenib or dabrafenib | Dacarbazine, temozolomide, imatinib, paclitaxel, carboplatin, IL-2, interferon alfa-2b |
Hepatocellular cancer | Single-agent chemotherapy: Sorafenib or lenvatinib | Regorafenib, nivolumab, ramucirumab, pembrolizumab |
Kaposi sarcoma | Single-agent chemotherapy: Liposomal doxorubicin or liposomal daunorubicin or paclitaxel | Pomalidomide, vinorelbine, thalidomide, etoposide, gemcitabine, interferon alfa-2b, nab-paclitaxel, imatinib |