Chapter 5-7: Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Processes in Patients with HIV

CD4TL count > 500 cells/mcL

1. Bacterial pneumonia

2. Pulmonary TB

3. Lung cancer

CD4TL count 200–499 cells/mcL: all of the above plus lymphoma

CD4TL count 100–199 cells/mcL: all of the above plus PJP

CD4TL count < 100 cells/mcL: all of the above plus the following:

1. Fungal infections (blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis)

2. CMV: when found in bronchoalveolar lavage culture, it usually reflects asymptomatic reactivation rather than the etiology of pneumonia, although CMV is occasionally responsible for pneumonia in advanced AIDS.

3. Nontuberculous mycobacteria, especially MAI and M kansasii

4. Kaposi sarcoma