Chapter 44: AIDS and Lentiviruses

Chapter 44. AIDS and Lentiviruses

HIV-1 is classified as a member of the Lentivirus genus in the Retroviridae family. Lentiviruses

(A) Contain a DNA genome

(B) Cause tumors in mice

(C) Infect cells of the immune system

(D) Have related sequences endogenous in normal cells

(E) Cause rapidly progressive neurologic disease

HIV-1 encodes an envelope glycoprotein, gp120. This protein

(A) Causes membrane fusion

(B) Binds to the viral coreceptor on the cell surface

(C) Is highly conserved among different isolates

(D) Fails to elicit neutralizing antibody

(E) Induces chemokine production

HIV/AIDS has become a worldwide epidemic that continues to expand. The geographic area with the largest number of HIV-infected people after sub-Saharan Africa is

(A) Central and South America and the Caribbean

(B) China

(C) North America

(D) South/Southeast Asia

(E) Eastern Europe and Central Asia

The typical course of an untreated HIV infection extends over 10 or more years. There is usually a long period (clinical latency) between the time of primary HIV infection and the development of AIDS. During this period of clinical latency

(A) HIV is not detectable in the plasma.

(B) CD4 cell counts remain unchanged.

(C) Virus replicates at a very low rate.

(D) Virus is present in lymphoid organs.

(E) Neutralizing antibodies are not elicited.

Viral coinfections occur in HIV-1-infected individuals and may contribute to morbidity and mortality. The most common coinfection in HIV-1-positive persons in the United States involves

(A) Hepatitis C virus

(B) Hepatitis D virus

(C) HIV type 2

(D) Human T-lymphotropic virus

(E) Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus

What are the most common symptoms of acute HIV infection?

(A) Rash ...