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KEY IMAGES – PLAX, PSSA, A4C
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Parasternal long axis (PLAX)
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Correct plane has LA, MV, LV, LV outflow tract, AV, aortic root, septum, RV, RA, descending aorta.
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Ao = aorta; AV = aortic valve; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; MV = mitral valve; RA = right atrium; RV = right ventricle; TV = tricuspid valve.
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Indicator dot toward right shoulder, 3rd to 5th intercostal space, as close to sternum as possible.
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Parasternal short axis (PSSA)
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Fan from apex to base to find LV, RV, pap, cordae, MV, AV, aortic root; RV, TV, RA, pulmonic valve.
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PSSA-labeled anatomy at level of papillary muscle (pap)
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Indicator toward left shoulder. This plane is 90 degrees clockwise in exact location of optimal PLAX view.
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Apical four-chamber (A4C)
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Identify LV, RV, MV, TV, LA, RA
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