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Chapter 27. Digestion & Absorption of Nutrients
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In governing peristalsis, which of the following directions of nerve impulses and neurotransmitter is correctly matched?
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B. Retrograde; nitric oxide
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C. Anterograde; glutamate
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D. Anterograde; nitric oxide
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E. Anterograde; acetylcholine
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Conversion of the basic electrical rhythm to an increase in intestinal muscle tension is produced by which of the following?
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A. Activation of interstitial cells of Cajal
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C. Release of acetylcholine
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E. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase
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The migrating motor complex is triggered by which of the following?
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A patient is referred to a gastroenterologist because of persistent difficulties with swallowing. Endoscopic examination reveals that the lower esophageal sphincter fails to fully open as the bolus reaches it, and a diagnosis of achalasia is made. During the examination, or in biopsies taken from the sphincter region, a decrease would be expected in which of the following?
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A. Esophageal peristalsis
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B. Expression of neuronal NO synthase
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C. Acetylcholine receptors
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E. Contraction of the crural diaphragm
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Gastric pressures seldom rise above the levels that breach the lower esophageal sphincter, even when the stomach is filled with a meal, due to which of the following processes?
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D. Stimulation of the vomiting center
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The physiological gastric pressure response to feeding described in Question 5 could be partly inhibited experimentally by all of the following treatments except
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A. cholinergic antagonist.
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B. nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.
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