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Home Books Williams Obstetrics Study Guide, 25th Edition

CHAPTER 28: Breech Presentation

Breech Presentation

Which of the following illustrations is labeled correctly?

a. Frank breech

Reproduced with permission from Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al (eds): Breech delivery. In Williams Obstetrics, 25th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2018, Figure 28-1.

An illustration of Frank breech. The infant's legs are flexed at the hip and crossed, feet on either side of the head.
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An illustration of Frank breech. The infant's legs are flexed at the hip and crossed, feet on either side of the head.

b. Complete breech

Reproduced with permission from Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al (eds): Breech delivery. In Williams Obstetrics, 25th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2018, Figure 28-3.

An illustration of complete breech. The infant's one foot extends into the birth canal.
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An illustration of complete breech. The infant's one foot extends into the birth canal.

c. Incomplete breech

Reproduced with permission from Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al (eds): Breech delivery. In Williams Obstetrics, 25th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2018, Figure 28-2.

An illustration of incomplete breech. Both the infant's knees are flexed and legs are crossed, with feet on either side of the body.
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An illustration of incomplete breech. Both the infant's knees are flexed and legs are crossed, with feet on either side of the body.

d. None of the above

a Classification of Breech Presentations

Among singleton pregnancies, breech presentation persists in what percentage at term?

a. 1–2%

b. 3–5%

c. 6–7%

d. 8–9%

b Introduction

Risk factors for breech presentation include which of the following?

a. Nulliparity

b. Prior breech fetus

c. Singleton gestation

d. None of the above

b Risk Factors

A 24-year-old primigravida presents to labor and delivery at 38 weeks’ gestation. She is contracting regularly and on exam she is 4 cm dilated, 25% effaced, –3 station, and the fetal presenting part is suspected to be a foot. What is the next most appropriate step in her management?

a. Ultrasound for confirmation of fetal presentation

b. Anesthesia consultation for pain management during labor

c. Leopold maneuvers for further characterization of fetal position

d. Preparation for cesarean delivery due to non-cephalic presentation in labor

a Examination

The Term Breech Trial has heavily influenced mode of delivery since its publication. Which of the following is a criticism of the study?

a. Mode of delivery was not randomized.

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