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Part VII: Immunology
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Which one of the following is an attribute of the innate, rather than the adaptive (acquired), arm of our host defenses?
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(A) Is highly specific in its response to individual bacterial species
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(B) Responds to viruses and fungi, but not bacteria
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(C) Exhibits memory following exposure to bacteria
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(D) Is part of our host defense against bacteria but not against fungi
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(E) Is as effective the first time it is exposed to bacteria as it is subsequent times
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Regarding haptens, which one of the following is the most accurate?
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(A) A hapten is the antigen-binding site of an immunoglobulin.
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(B) A hapten cannot induce antibody by itself but can do so when covalently bound to a carrier protein.
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(C) A hapten can bind to the antigen receptors of CD4-positive T cells without being processed by antigen-presenting cells.
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(D) A hapten is defined by its ability to bind to the smaller of the two polypeptides that comprise the class I MHC proteins.
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Certain components of our immune system are characterized by two attributes: being able (1) to respond specifically to microbes and (2) to exhibit memory of having responded to a particular microbe previously. Which one of the following has BOTH specificity and memory?
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Your patient says that she must travel on business 3 days from now to a country where hepatitis A is endemic. She just read in the newspaper that there are two types of protection against this disease: one is a vaccine that contains killed hepatitis A virus, and the other is a serum globulin preparation that contains antibodies to the virus. She asks which you would recommend and for what reason?
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(A) The vaccine containing killed hepatitis A virus is best because it induces the most antibody.
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(B) The vaccine containing killed hepatitis A virus is best because it provides the most long-lived immunity.
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(C) The serum globulin preparation containing antibodies against the virus is best because it provides immunity in the shortest time.
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