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Appendix: Normal Values of Metabolic Parameters and Tests of Endocrine Function

Normal Values of Metabolic Parameters and Tests of Endocrine Function

Table A.

Plasma and serum values

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Table A.

Plasma and serum values
Hormone Time/condition of sample Normal value or range in SI (traditional units)
ACTH 8:00 AM <18 pmol/L (<80 pg/mL)
Aldosterone 8:00 AM <220 pmol/L (<8 ng/dL)
Potassium 3.5–5.0 mmol/L (3.5–5.0 mEq/L)
Angiotensin II 8:00 AM 10–30 nmol/L (10–30 pg/mL)
Arginine vasopressin Random fluid intake 1.5–5.6 pmol/L (1.5–6 ng/L)
Plasma osmolarity 285–295 mOsmol/L
Sodium 136–145 mmol/L (136–145 mEq/L)
Cortisol 8:00 AM 140–690 nmol/L (5–25 μg/dL)
4:00 PM 80–330 nmol/L (3–12 μg/dL)
DHEA 7–31 nmol/L (2–9 μg/L)
DHEAS 1.3–6.7 μmol/L (500–2500 μg/L)
17-Hydroxyprogesterone Women
Follicular 0.6–3 nmol/L (0.20–1 μg/L)
Luteal 1.5–10.6 nmol/L (0.5–3.5 μg/L)
Men 0.2–9 nmol/L (0.06–3 μg/L)
Calcium Serum 2.2–2.6 mmol/L (9–10.5 mg/dL)
Phosphorus Inorganic 1.0–1.4 mmol/L (3–4.5 mg/dL)
Vitamin D 40–160 pmol/L (16–65 pg/mL)
Calcitonin <50 ng/mL (<50 pg/mL)
Glucagon 50–100 ng/mL (50–100 pg/mL)
Insulin Overnight fast 43–186 pmol/L (6–26 μU/mL)
Glucose Overnight fast 4.2–6.4 mmol/L (75–115 mg/dL)
β-OH butyrate <300 μmol/L (<3 mg/dL)
Lactate Venous plasma 0.6–1.7 mmol/L (5–15 mg/dL)
Fatty acids Free 180 mg/L (<18 mg/dL)
Androstenedione Women 3.5–7.0 nmol/L (1–2 ng/mL)
Men 3.0–5.0 nmol/L (0.8–1.3 ng/mL)
Estradiol Women 70–220 pmol/L (20–60 pg/mL)
Men <180 pmol/L (50 pg/mL)
Progesterone Women
Luteal peak >16 nmol/L (75 ng/mL)
Men, prepubescent girls, postmenopausal women <6 nmol/L (<2 ng/mL)
Testosterone Women <3.5 nmol/L (<1 ng/mL)
Men 10–35 nmol/L (3–10 ng/mL)
Prepubertal boys and girls 0.17–0.7 nmol/L (0.05–0.2 ng/mL)
FSH Women (reproductive age) 5–20 IU/L (5–20 mIU/mL)
Ovulatory surge 12–30 IU/L (12–30 mIU/mL)
Postmenopausal women 12–30 IU/L (12–30 mIU/mL)
Mature men 5–20 IU/L (5–20 mIU/mL)
LH Women (reproductive age) 5–25 IU/L (5–25 mIU/mL)
Ovulatory surge 25–100 IU/L (25–100 mIU/mL)
Postmenopausal women >50 IU/L (>50 mIU/mL)
Mature men 5–20 IU/L (5–20 mIU/mL)
β-hCG Men and nonpregnant women <3 IU/L
Oxytocin Random 1–4 pmol/L (1.25–5 pg/mL)
Ovulatory peak 4–8 pmol/L (5–10 ng/mL)
Prolactin 2–15 μg/L (2–15 ng/mL)
Growth hormone Post 100 g glucose PO <5 μg/L (<5 ng/mL)
TSH 0.4–5 mU/L (0.4–5 μU/mL
Thyroxine (T4) 64–154 nmol/L (5–12 μg/dL)
Triiodothyronine (T3) 1.1–2.9 nmol/L (70–190 ng/dL)
Reverse T3 0.15–0.61 nmol/L (10–40 ng/dL)
Resin T3 uptake 25%–35%

ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; LH, luteinizing hormone; PO, by mouth; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.

SI: System of International Units.

Conversions:

mmol/L=mg/dL×10atomicweight

mg/dL=mmol/L×atomicweight10

Table B.

Urinary levels

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Table B.

Urinary levels
Hormone or metabolite Amount excreted
Aldosterone 14–53 nmol/d (5–19 μg/d)
Free cortisol 55–275 nmol/d (20–100 μg/d)
17-Hydroxycorticosteroids 5.5–28 μg/d (2–10 mg/d)
17-Ketosteroids Men: 24–88 μmol/d (7–25 mg/d)
Women: 14–52 μmol/d (4–15 mg/d)
Free catecholamines <590 nmol/d (<100 μg/d)
Epinephrine <275 nmol/d (<50 μg/d)
Metanephrines <7 μmol/d (<1.3 mg/d)
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) <40 ...

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