Aconite | Paresthesias, gastroenteritis, skeletal muscle paralysis, ventricular arrhythmias, respiratory paralysis, shock, death (see Aconite and Other Sodium Channel Openers). |
Aesculin | Single seed can cause gastroenteritis. Larger amounts can cause ataxia, gastroenteritis, CNS depression, and paralysis. |
Anthraquinone | Severe diarrhea with GI bleeding, renal damage, dyspnea, and seizures. |
Chinaberry | Gastroenteritis, lethargy, coma, respiratory failure, seizures, paralysis. |
Cicutoxin | Seizures, tremors, tachycardia, mydriasis, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, rhabdomyolysis, death. |
Coniine | Similar to nicotine: vomiting, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory arrest. |
Cyanogenic glycosides | Dyspnea, cyanosis, weakness, seizures, coma, cardiovascular collapse. Symptoms may be delayed for 3–4 hours or more as glycoside is hydrolyzed to cyanide (see Cyanide). |
Cytisine | Vomiting, hallucinations, hypotension, tachycardia, paralysis, seizures, respiratory depression. |
Daphne | GI and skin irritant; vomiting bloody diarrhea; delirium, seizures, coma. |
Euphorbiaceae | Oral irritation, gastroenteritis. Erythema, edema, followed by vesicle and blister formation. Eye exposure may result in corneal ulceration, iritis, conjunctivitis, and temporary blindness. Systemic symptoms: seizures, coma, and death. |
Gelsemium indole alkaloids | Headache, sweating, muscular weakness or rigidity, seizures, dyspnea, bradycardia, respiratory arrest. |
Grayanotoxin | Burning, tingling of mouth, vomiting; hypotension, bradycardia, coma, seizures. |
Hydroquinone | Vomiting, jaundice, dizziness, headache, delirium, pallor, anoxia, seizures, respiratory failure, cyanosis, cardiovascular collapse. Allergic contact dermatitis. |
Lobeline | Similar to nicotine. |
Nicotine alkaloids | Vomiting and diarrhea; agitation, seizures followed by coma and respiratory arrest. Initial hypertension and tachycardia followed by hypotension and bradycardia. See Nicotine. |
Nitrites | Hypotension, tachycardia, methemoglobinemia (see Methemoglobinemia). |
Protoanemonin | Acrid burning taste, oral ulceration, gastroenteritis, hematemesis. |
Psoralens | Ultraviolet light-induced erythema, burns, pigmentation. |
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Gastroenteritis; hepatic injury due to veno-occlusive disease. |
Quinolizidine | Some lupines can cause anticholinergic syndrome. |
Sanguinaria | Gastroenteritis, CNS depression, dyspnea, edema, respiratory paralysis. |
Saponin | GI and skin irritant, mydriasis, hyperthermia, muscle weakness, dyspnea, coma. |
Solanine | Gastroenteritis; less commonly drowsiness, coma, hypotension, bradycardia. |
Tannin | Abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, liver and kidney injury. |
Toxalbumin | Severe gastroenteritis; shock; multiple-organ injury (see Ricin). |
Veratrum alkaloids | Gastroenteritis, bradycardia, AV block, syncope, paresthesias. |