Delayed gastroenteritis and liver failure | Amatoxins | Amanita phalloides, Amanita ocreata, Amanita verna, Amanita virosa, Amanita bisporigera, Galerina autumnalis, Galerina marginata, and some Lepiota and Conocybe spp | Delayed onset 6–24 hours: vomiting, severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, hypovolemic shock, followed by fulminant hepatic failure after 2–3 days. |
Delayed gastroenteritis, CNS abnormalities, hemolysis, hepatitis | Monomethylhydrazine | Gyromitra (Helvella) esculenta, others | Delayed onset 5–10 hours: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, followed by dizziness, weakness, headache, ataxia, delirium, seizures, coma; hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, hepatic and renal injury may also occur. |
Cholinergic syndrome | Muscarine | Clitocybe dealbata, Clitocybe cerrusata, Inocybe cincinnata | Onset 15 minutes–2 hours: diaphoresis, bradycardia, bronchospasm, lacrimation, salivation, sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, miosis. Treat with atropine. |
Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol | Coprine | Coprinus atramentarius, Clitocybe claviceps | Within 30 minutes to a few hours after ingestion of alcohol: nausea, vomiting, flushing, tachycardia; risk for reaction up to 5 days after ingestion. (see "Disulfiram"). |
Isoxazole syndrome | Ibotenic acid, muscimol | Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina, others | Onset 30 minutes–2 hours: nausea, vomiting, lethargy or hyperactivity, muscular jerking, hallucinations, delirium, rarely seizures. May last up to 12 hours. |
Gastritis and renal failure | Allenic norleucine | Amanita smithiana, Amanita proxima, others | Abdominal pain, vomiting within 30 minutes–12 hours, followed by progressive acute renal failure within 2–3 days. Some elevation in hepatic enzymes may occur. |
Delayed-onset gastritis and renal failure | Orellanine | Cortinarius orellanus, other Cortinarius spp | Abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting starting after 24–36 hours, followed by progressive acute renal failure (tubulointerstitial nephritis) 3–14 days later. |
Hallucinogenic | Psilocybin, psilocyn | Psilocybe cubensis, panaeolina foenisecii, others | Onset 30 minutes–2 hours: visual hallucinations, sensory distortion, tachycardia, mydriasis, occasionally seizures. |
Gastrointestinal irritants | Unidentified | Chlorophyllum molybdites, Boletus satanas, many others | Vomiting, diarrhea within 30 minutes–2 hours of ingestion; symptoms resolve within 6–24 hours. |
Immunohemolytic anemia | Unidentified | Paxillus involutus, Clitocybe claviceps, Boletus luridus | GI irritant for most, but a few people develop immune-mediated hemolysis within 2 hours of ingestion. |
Allergic pneumonitis (inhaled spores) | Lycoperdon spores | Lycoperdon spp | Inhalation of dry spores can cause acute nausea, vomiting, and nasopharyngitis, followed within days by fever, malaise, dyspnea, and inflammatory pneumonitis. |
Erythromelalgia | Acromelic acids | Clitocybe acromelalga, Clitocybe amoenolens | Onset hours to several days after ingestion: severe burning pain, paresthesias, redness and edema in the hands and feet; may persist for several weeks. |
Rhabdomyolysis | Unidentified | Tricholoma equestre, Russula subnigricans | Onset 24–72 hours: fatigue, muscle weakness, myalgias, rhabdomyolysis, renal insufficiency, and myocarditis. |
Delayed CNS toxicity | Polyporic acid | Hapalopilus rutilans | Onset after 12–24 hours: nausea, vomiting, ... |