Diphtheria tetanus acellular pertussis (DTaP) | Toxoids and inactivated bacterial components | Intramuscular | See Table A–2 | None | For all children |
Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (Hib)3 | Bacterial polysaccharide conjugated to protein | Intramuscular | One dose (see Table A–2 for childhood schedule) | Not recommended | For all children Asplenia and other at-risk conditions |
Hepatitis A | Inactivated virus | Intramuscular | One dose (see Table A–2 for childhood schedule) (administer at least 2–4 weeks before travel to endemic areas) | At 6–12 months for long-term immunity | Travelers to hepatitis A endemic areas Men who have sex with men (MSM) Injection or noninjection illicit drug users Chronic liver disease or clotting factor disorders Persons with occupational risk for infection Persons living in, or relocating to, endemic areas Household and sexual contacts of individuals with acute hepatitis A (with additional gamma globulin in select patients) For all children Unvaccinated persons who anticipate close personal contact with an international adoptee during the first 60 days after arrival in the USA from a country with high or intermediate endemicity |
Hepatitis B | Inactive viral antigen, recombinant | Intramuscular (subcutaneous injection is acceptable in individuals with bleeding disorders) | Three doses at 0, 1, and 6 months (see Table A–2 for childhood schedule) | Not routinely recommended | For all infants Preadolescents, adolescents, and young adults Persons with occupational, lifestyle, or environmental risk Diabetic adults <60 years of age Persons with end-stage renal disease, HIV, or chronic liver disease Postexposure prophylaxis Household and sexual contacts of individuals with acute and chronic hepatitis B |
Human papillomavirus (HPV)4 | Virus-like particles of the major capsid protein | Intramuscular | Three doses at 0, 4–8, and 24 weeks | None | HPV2, HPV4, or HPV9 for females between 9 and 26 years of age; HPV4 or HPV9 for males aged 9–21 years MSM through age 26 years Immunocompromised persons through age 26 years |
Influenza, inactivated | Inactivated virus or viral components | Intramuscular; an intradermal vaccine is available for adults aged 18–64 years; a high-dose formulation is an option for adults ≥65 years | One dose (Children <9 years who are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time should receive two doses administered at least 4 weeks apart.) | Yearly with current vaccine | All adults >18 years All children aged 6 months to 18 years |
Influenza, live attenuated | Live virus | Intranasal | Split dose in each nostril. Children age 5–8 who are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time should receive two doses administered 6–10 weeks apart | Yearly with current vaccine | Healthy persons aged 19–49 years who desire protection against influenza. May be substituted for inactivated vaccine in healthy children 2–18 years except (1) asthmatics, and (2) those aged 2–4 years with wheezing in the past year |
Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) | Live virus | Subcutaneous | See Table A–2 | None | For all children Adults born after 1956 |
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine | Bacterial polysaccharides conjugated to diphtheria toxoid | Intramuscular | One dose | Every 5 years if there is continuing high risk of exposure | All adolescents Preferred over polysaccharide vaccine in persons aged 11–55 years College freshman aged <22 years who live in dormitories Military recruits Individuals with asplenia or complement deficiency (two-dose series) Microbiologists who are routinely exposed to isolates of Neisseria meningitidis HIV-positive men who have sex with men |
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine | Bacterial polysaccharides of serotypes A/C/Y/W-135 | Subcutaneous | One dose | Every 5 years if there is continuing high risk of exposure | Adult travelers >55 years to areas with hyperendemic or epidemic meningococcal disease |
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine | Bacterial polysaccharides conjugated to protein | Intramuscular or subcutaneous | See Table A–2 | None | For all children Adults with immunocompromising conditions, asplenia, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, or cochlear implants Adults ≥65 years who have not been vaccinated previously |
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine | Bacterial polysaccharides of 23 serotypes | Intramuscular or subcutaneous | One dose | Repeat after 5 years in patients at high risk | Adults ≥65 years Persons at increased risk for pneumococcal disease or its complications |
Poliovirus vaccine, inactivated (IPV) | Inactivated viruses of all three serotypes | Subcutaneous | See Table A–2 for childhood schedule. Adults: Two doses 4–8 weeks apart, and a third dose 6–12 months after the second | One-time booster dose for adults at increased risk of exposure | For all children Previously unvaccinated adults at increased risk for occupational or travel exposure to polioviruses |
Rabies | Inactivated virus | Intramuscular | Preexposure: Three doses at days 0, 7, and 21 or 28 Postexposure: Four doses at days 0, 3, 7, and 14; immunosuppressed patients should receive a 5th dose at day 28 | Serologic testing every 6 months to 2 years in persons at high risk | Preexposure prophylaxis in persons at risk for contact with rabies virus Postexposure prophylaxis (administer with rabies immune globulin in previously unvaccinated individuals) |
Rotavirus | Live virus | Oral | See Table A–2 | None | For all infants |
Tetanus-diphtheria (Td or DT)5 | Toxoids | Intramuscular | Two doses 4–8 weeks apart, and a third dose 6–12 months after the second | Every 10 years | All adults Postexposure prophylaxis if >5 years has passed since last dose |
Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) | Toxoids and inactivated bacterial components | Intramuscular | Substitute one dose of Tdap for Td in all adults | None | All adults; pregnant women should receive a dose with each pregnancy (preferred during 27–36 weeks of gestation) |
Typhoid, Ty21a oral | Live bacteria | Oral | Four doses administered every other day | Four doses every 5 years | Risk of exposure to typhoid fever |
Typhoid, Vi capsular polysaccharide | Bacterial polysaccharide | Intramuscular | One dose | Every 2 years | Risk of exposure to typhoid fever |
Varicella | Live virus | Subcutaneous | Two doses 4–8 weeks apart in persons past their 13th birthday (see Table A–2 for childhood schedule) | Unknown | For all children Persons past their 13th birthday without a history of varicella infection or immunization Postexposure prophylaxis in susceptible persons |
Yellow fever | Live virus | Subcutaneous | One dose 10 years to 10 days before travel | Every 10 years | Laboratory personnel who may be exposed to yellow fever virus Travelers to areas where yellow fever occurs |
Zoster | Live virus | Subcutaneous | One dose | None | All adults ≥60 years of age |